. 2018 Aug 30;2018:4237354. doi: 10.1155/2018/4237354

Table 3.

Plasma insulin level, homeostasis model assessment equation (HOMA-IR), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and plasma FGF 21 in diabetic rats fed different doses of nano-EE after 7 weeks.

	Con	DM	Met	Nano	Nano-EE1	Nano-EE3	Nano-EE5
Insulin (μU/mL)	6.51 ± 0.05^c	10.95 ± 0.03^ab	7.91 ± 0.06^bc	9.60 ± 0.07^abc	11.65 ± 0.06^a	9.95 ± 0.04^ab	8.11 ± 0.02^bc
HOMA-IR	1.10 ± 0.16^d	3.47 ± 0.19^a	2.06 ± 0.30^bc	2.83 ± 0.44^ab	3.48 ± 0.38^a	2.69 ± 0.24^abc	1.91 ± 0.08^c
AGEs (μg/ml)	86.9 ± 3.6^c	115.4 ± 3.97^a	85.4 ± 10.84^c	126.3 ± 3.43^a	120 ± 12.02^ab	110.1 ± 2.78^abc	93.9 ± 8.51^bc
Plasma FGF 21 (ng/mg protein)	0.03 ± 0.01^b	0.26 ± 0.01^a	0.08 ± 0.01^b	0.22 ± 0.01^ab	0.21 ± 0.04^ab	0.15 ± 0.02^ab	0.05 ± 0.01^b

Data were shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 rats/group). Con: control; DM: diabetes; Met: diabetes + 200 mg/kg per day metformin; Nano: diabetes + 465 mg/kg per day chitosan and silica; Nano-EE1: diabetes + 93 mg/kg per day EE; Nano-EE3: diabetes + 279 mg/kg per day EE; Nano-EE5: diabetes + 465 mg/kg per day EE. The values with different letters (a-b) represent significantly different (p < 0.05) as analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test.

HOMA-IR = fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) × fasting plasma insulin (μU/mL) / 405.