Table 1.
Main cancer-related metabolic findings in different cancer types unveiled by NMR technique.
| Cancer type | Sample | Metabolic changes in cancer VS controls | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectal | Serum | (+) acetate, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate,pyruvate (−) glucose, myo-inositol,taurine, dimethylglycine |
Ludwig et al93 |
| Fecal extracts | (+)acetate,valerate, propionate, butyrate (−)β-glucose, Gln, glutamate |
Amiot et al94 | |
| Biopsies | (+)taurine, glutamate, aspartate, lactate (−)myo-inositol, β-glucose |
Piotto et al95 | |
| Liver | Serum | (+) acetate, N-acetylglycoproteins,Gln, glycerol, α-ketoglutarate,1-methylhistidine, Phe, pyruvate, Tyr (−) acetoacetate, Cho, LDL, VLDL, Val |
Gao et al96 |
| Urine | (+)carnitine, creatine (−) acetone, creatinine,glycine, hippurate, TMAO |
Shariff et al97 | |
| Lung | Plasma | (+) lactate, VLDL, LDL, pyruvate (−) acetate, alanine, citrate, formate, Gln, HDL, His, methanol, Tyr, Val |
Rocha et al54 |
| Urine | (+) N-acetylglutamine, citrate, creatinine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate (−) hippurate, trigonellinamide, trigonelline |
Carrola et al98 | |
| Breast | Tissues | Changes in Cho,creatine, β-glucose, GPC, glycine, myo-inositol, PCho,taurine |
Bathe et al99 |
| Serum | Metastatic vs early disease: (+)acetoacetate, glycerol, pyruvate, mannose, glutamate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, N-acetylglycoproteins, (−)His, alanine,betaine |
Elodie et al100 | |
| Pancreatic | Serum | (+)soleucine, triglyceride,leucine,creatinine (−)3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, lactate, TMAO |
Ouyang et al55 |
| Plasma | (+)N-acetyl glycoprotein, DMA, VLDL,acetone (−)lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, HDL, LDL, citrate, glutamate, alanine,Gln, His, isoleucine, lysine, Val |
Lin et al101 |
Abbreviations: Cho, choline; Tyr, tyrosine; Val, valine; His, Histidine; Phe,phenylalanine; PCho, phosphocholine; GPC, glycerolphosphocholine; Gln,glutamine; DMA,dimethylamine; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; TMAO,trimethylamine N-oxide; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; (+) increased in cancer, (−) decreased in cancer relatively to control.