Table 2.
Effects of large-scale factors on changes in forest understory diversity for 39 sites across Europe. Summary statistics of the mixed-effect meta-regression models are shown. The table includes estimates (i.e. RR), standard errors (SE), t- and corresponding p-values for all environmental variables included in the most parsimonious’ models. τ2 is an estimate of residual amount of heterogeneity. Significant results are marked as bold.
| Estimate | SE | t-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species richness (overall p-value<0.001, τ2= 0.04, r2= 0.488) | ||||
| Intercept [decreasing game density] | 0.278 | 0.09 | 3.02 | 0.006 |
| Game density | -0.217 | 0.05 | -4.43 | 0.000 |
| Changes in game density [stable] | -0.281 | 0.12 | -2.33 | 0.029 |
| Changes in game density [increase] | -0.316 | 0.11 | -2.75 | 0.012 |
| Accumulated N-deposition at baseline survey | -0.157 | 0.04 | -3.86 | 0.001 |
| Changes in mean annual temperature | -0.074 | 0.04 | -1.83 | 0.081 |
| Shannon diversity (overall p-value= 0.001, τ2= 0.09, r2= 0.436) | ||||
| Intercept [decreasing game density] | 0.331 | 0.13 | 2.49 | 0.020 |
| Game density | -0.302 | 0.07 | -4.36 | 0.000 |
| Changes in game density [stable] | -0.372 | 0.17 | -2.15 | 0.042 |
| Changes in game density [increase] | -0.373 | 0.16 | -2.29 | 0.031 |
| Accumulated N-deposition at baseline survey | -0.191 | 0.06 | -3.28 | 0.003 |
| Evenness (overall p-value= 0.048, τ2= 0.04, r2= 0.080) | ||||
| Intercept | -0.004 | 0.03 | -0.12 | 0.904 |
| Accumulated N-deposition at baseline survey | -0.070 | 0.03 | -2.05 | 0.048 |