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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2014 Mar 2;509(7498):110–114. doi: 10.1038/nature13140

Figure 2. The helical tetramer of RIG-I 2CARD uses the top surface of the second CARD to interact with MAVS CARD and promote MAVS filament formation.

Figure 2

a, A ‘helical extension’ model for how the RIG-I 2CARD tetramer stimulates the MAVS CARD (grey) filament formation. b, D122 and E178/R179 are located at the top of the 2CARD tetramer (surface IIb of the second CARD), whereas Q65 and E66 are at the bottom of the 2CARD tetramer (surface IIa of the first CARD), c, IFN-β signalling activity of mutants with altered surface IIa or IIb of the first and second CARDs (mean ± s.d., n = 3). d, e, 2CARD tetramerization (d) and MAVS filament stimulation (e) of wild-type RIG-I 2CARD and its mutants. The SNAP-fusion allowed fluorescent labelling (indicated with an asterisk) of RIG-I 2CARD and MAVS CARD (2CARD-S and CARD-S, respectively), f, g, Filament formation (f) and IFN-β signalling activity (g) (mean ± s.d., n = 3) of wild-type MAVS and its mutants with altered surface I–IIIa/b.