Table 1. Baseline characteristics according to presence of significant OSA (AHI≥20/hour) at and occurrence of MACCE during follow-up.
| Controls n = 15 |
AHI <20 n = 39 |
AHI ≥20 n = 36 |
No MACCE n = 53 |
MACCE n = 22 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs (SD) | 63 (6) | 65 (9) | 69 (8) * | 65 (9) | 70 (8) † |
| Male, n (%) | 5 (33) | 24 (62) | 26 (72) | 35 (66) | 15 (68) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 24 (2) | 27 (4) | 27 (4) | 27 (4) | 27 (3) |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | NA | 19 (49) | 25 (69) | 29 (55) | 15 (68) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | NA | 19 (49) | 13 (36) | 23 (42) | 9 (43) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | NA | 30 (77) | 32 (89) | 41 (77) | 21 (95) |
| CAD, n (%) | NA | 11 (28) | 14 (39) | 11 (21) | 14 (64) ‡ |
| Stroke, n (%) | NA | 7 (18) | 6 (17) | 8 (15) | 5 (23) |
| LVEF, % (SD) | 70 (6) | 68 (6) | 59 (9) ¶ | 64 (8) | 62 (9) |
| ABI ratio, (SD) | NA | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) |
| PAD history, yrs [IQR] | NA | 3 [4] | 4 [4] | 3 [6] | 2 [2] |
| Critical ischemia, n (%) | NA | 5 (13) | 5 (14) | 7 (13) | 3 (14) |
Data are mean (standard deviation = SD), median [interquartile range = IQR] or number (percentage) of patients. ABI = Ankle-brachial index, AHI = Apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = Body mass index, CAD = Coronary artery disease, LVEF = Left ventricular ejection fraction, MACCE = Major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event, OSA = Obstructive sleep apnea, PAD = Peripheral artery disease.
*: p < 0.05 vs. AHI <20/hour.
†: p < 0.05 vs. non-MACCE.
‡: p < 0.001 vs. non-MACCE
¶: p < 0.0001 vs. AHI <20/hour. One-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s post hoc was used to test for differences in normally distributed variables between each patient group (with and without OSA/MACCE) vs. controls. Exact Fisher’s test was used to test for differences in categorical variables between patient groups (with vs. without AHI/MACCE).