Expression of UPS-associated genes: (A) Atrogin-1, (B) Murf1. (C) Total poly-ubiquitin. (D) Representative image of poly ubiquitin blot Western blot (reordered to match figures). Expression of ALP-associated genes: (E) Bnip3, (F) Map1lc3B. (G) Protein ratio of LC3B-II over I. (H) Representative image of LC3B Western blot (reordered to match figures). (I) Protein ratio of p-ULK1 S757 over total ULK1, (J) total P62 protein, (K) representative images of ULK1 and P62 Western blots (reordered to match figures). Data are normalized to the basal expression of the normoxic group at day 0. Significant differences are indicated by (*): comparing 0 hrs fasted and 24 hrs fasted for each condition, * = P< 0.05, ** = P≤ 0.01 or *** = P≤ 0.001. Trends (0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.1) are indicated by the specific P-value. ($): comparing PN- and H-group to N-group at 0 hrs fasted, (#): comparing the differences in response to fasting between PN- and H-group. (n = 6–8).