Table 1.
Results of multilevel models examining the effects of time adequacy and time use on daily positive affect, negative affect, and physical symptoms.
| Positive Affect B (SE) |
Negative Affect B (SE) |
Physical Symptoms B (SE) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Time resources for target child | |||
| Fixed effects | |||
| Intercept | 2.94 (0.15) | 1.38 (0.05)*** | 1.51 (0.24)*** |
| Time spent with target child | |||
| Between-person (BP) | 0.16 (0.05)** | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.07 (0.09)** |
| Within-person (WP) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.04 (0.02) |
| Perceived time adequacy for target child | |||
| Between-person (BP) | 0.18 (0.11)*** | −0.10 (0.04)** | −0.41 (0.19)* |
| Within-person (WP) | 0.06 (0.02) | −0.04 (0.01)*** | −0.18 (0.04)*** |
| Random effects | |||
| Between-person level variance | 0.31 (0.05)*** | 0.03 (0.01)*** | 0.77 (0.13)*** |
| Within-person level variance | 0.19 (0.01)*** | 0.06 (0.00)*** | 1.06 (0.04)*** |
| Model 2: Time resources for partner | |||
| Fixed effects | |||
| Intercept | 2.87 (0.15)*** | 1.38 (0.05)*** | 1.53 (0.24)*** |
| Time Spent with partner | |||
| Between-person (BP) | 0.07 (0.04)† | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.06) |
| Within-person (WP) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Perceived time adequacy for partner | |||
| Between-person (BP) | 0.12 (0.11)** | −0.09 (0.03)* | −0.31 (0.19)† |
| Within-person (WP) | 0.05 (0.02) | −0.03 (0.01)*** | −0.10 (0.04)** |
| Random effects | |||
| Between-person level variance | 0.33 (0.05)*** | 0.03 (0.01)*** | 0.79 (0.14)*** |
| Within-person level variance | 0.20 (0.01)*** | 0.06 (0.00)*** | 1.08 (0.04)*** |
| Model 3: time resources for self | |||
| Fixed effects | |||
| Intercept | 2.92 (0.14)*** | 1.36 (0.05)*** | 1.46 (0.24)*** |
| Time spent on self | |||
| Between-person (BP) | 0.10 (0.06)† | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.08 (0.10) |
| Within-person (WP) | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Perceived time adequacy for self | |||
| Between-person (BP) | 0.20 (0.11)† | −0.07 (0.03)† | −0.33 (0.18)† |
| Within-person (WP) | 0.05 (0.01)*** | −0.04 (0.01)*** | −0.12 (0.03)*** |
| Random effects | |||
| Between-person level variance | 0.32 (0.05)*** | 0.03 (0.01)*** | 0.77 (0.13)*** |
| Within-person level variance | 0.20 (0.01)*** | 0.06 (0.00)*** | 1.07 (0.04)*** |
Notes: N = 90 persons, 1440 days across baseline and 12 months; 1310–1415 observations were used due to missing responses. Parents’ age, gender, spouse’s employment, number of children, target child’s age, workdays, day in study, wave, and STAR intervention were controlled in all models; BMI was controlled only in the model for physical symptoms.
†
p < .10
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.