Table 2:
Risk factors of death among HIV-TB co-infected patients comparing those initiated on Early or Delayed ART
| Characteristics | Cases/Person | Incidence/100 | Unadjusted (Weighted) | Adjusted (weighted) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| years | person years (95% CI) |
HRs ( 95% CI) |
p-values |
HRs (95% CI) |
p-values |
|
| Overall | 69/240 | 28.42(21.3–38.6) | ||||
| Study | ||||||
| Delayed; CrAg-N | 23/128 | 17.3(11.3–27.6) | Ref | |||
| Delayed; CrAg-P | 13/9 | 146.51(63.5–373.7) | 6.07(2.6–14.1) | <0.001 | 4.17(1.9–9.0) | <0.001 |
| Early; CrAg-N | 31/96 | 31.67(21.6–47.6) | 1.62(0.9–2.8) | 0.092 | 1.54(0.9–2.8) | 0.154 |
| Early; CrAg-P | 4/8 | 44.89(18.2–122.6) | 2.41(0.9–6.3) | 0.072 | 2.63(1.0–6.8) | 0.045 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 36/124 | 28.77(20.4–41.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Male | 33/117 | 28.05(17.6–47.4) | 0.97(0.5–1.7) | 0.902 | 0.65(0.4–1.1) | 0.112 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 15/23 | 66.12(30.3–166.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 25–34 | 24/116 | 20.03(13.3–31.2) | 0.33(0.1–0.7) | 0.006 | 0.30(0.1–0.6) | <0.001 |
| 35–44 | 23/78 | 28.67(17–52.1) | 0.48(0.2–1.1) | 0.084 | 0.39(0.2–0.7) | 0.003 |
| 45–75 | 9/25 | 33.1(16.3–74.1) | 0.54(0.2–1.4) | 0.218 | 0.59(0.2–1.4) | 0.228 |
| CD4 (cells/µl) | ||||||
| 0–50 | 58/178 | 32.46(23.6–45.7) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 51–100 | 11/62 | 16.74(9–34.1) | 0.54(0.2–1.4) | 0.218 | 0.59(0.2–1.4) | 0.228 |
| Haemoglobin(g/dL) | ||||||
| 0 – 8.0 | 35/91 | 37.97(24.4–62) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 8.1 – 15.8 | 34/149 | 22.58(15.8–33.2) | 0.62(0.4–1.1) | 0.093 | 0.77(0.5–1.3) | 0.327 |
| WHO Stage | ||||||
| III | 31/147 | 21.01(14.4–31.5) | Ref | Ref | ||
| IV | 38/93 | 40.13(26.4–63.6) | 1.89(1.1–3.3) | 0.021 | 1.79(1.1–2.9) | 0.017 |
| Extra pulmonary | ||||||
| TB* | ||||||
| No | 36/156 | 22.91(16.2–33.2) | Ref | |||
| Yes | 33/84 | 38.67(24.4–64.6) | 1.67(1.0–2.9) | 0.070 | ||
| TB-IRIS | ||||||
| Negative | 54/186 | 29(21.2–40.5) | Ref | |||
| Positive | 15/54 | 26.42(12.8–63.9) | 0.96(0.5–2.0) | 0.901 | ||
Delayed=ART initiation delayed beyond 21 days; Early=ART initiation within 21 days ; TB=tuberculosis
Results presented are weighted using stabilised inverse probability weights
HR=hazard ratio, CI=confidence intervals; CrAg -P=positive cryptococcal antigen test; CrAg-N = negative cryptococcal antigen test; CI=confidence interval; TB-IRIS = tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; ART= Antiretroviral therapy
*
Extra Pulmonary TB is collinear with WHO-Staging so it is excluded from the multivariate analysis