Table 1:
Characteristics of HIV-exposed, uninfected children by birth period
| Child birth period |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All infants (n = 6,845) | Pre Option B+ (n=784; 11.5%) | Option B+ (n=6,061; 88.5%) | P-value## | |
| Age at enrolment (months), median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 4.0 (2.0-9.0) | 2.0 (1.0-2.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 3,455 (50.5) | 391 (49.9) | 3,064 (50.6) | 0.720 |
| Male | 3,390 (49.5) | 393 (50.1) | 2,997 (49.4) | |
| PEP at birth, n (%) | ||||
| No | 534 (7.8) | 136 (17.3) | 398 (6.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 5,999 (87.6) | 596 (76.0) | 5,403 (89.1) | |
| Unknown | 312 (4.7) | 52 (6.6) | 260 (4.3) | |
| Birth weight, n (%) | ||||
| <2.5kg | 823 (12.0) | 97 (12.4) | 726 (12.0) | 0.749 |
| ≥2.5kg | 6,022 (88.0) | 687 (87.6) | 5,335 (88.0) | |
| Birth weight (kg), median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.7-3.4) | 3.0 (2.8-3.4) | 3.0 (2.7-3.4) | 0.210 |
| In-utero antiretroviral exposure, n (%)1 | ||||
| No antiretrovirals | 464 (6.8) | 109 (13.9) | 355 (5.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Mono- or dual-therapy at any stage | 125 (1.8) | 125 (15.9) | -- | |
| ART< 4 weeks at any stage | 837 (12.2) | 172 (21.9) | 665 (11.0) | |
| ART ≥ 4 weeks at any stage | 4,820 (70.4) | 331 (42.2) | 4,489 (74.1) | |
| Unknown | 599 (8.8) | 47 (6.0) | 552 (9.1) | |
| Mother’s postpartum status | ||||
| No ART | 177 (2.6) | 84 (10.7) | 93 (1.5) | < 0.0001 |
| ART | 6,276 (91.7) | 590 (75.3) | 5,686 (93.8) | |
| ART with interruptions# | 364 (5.3) | 102 (13.0) | 262 (4.3) | |
| Died | 9 (0.1) | 3 (0.4) | 6 (0.1) | |
| Unknown | 19 (0.3) | 5 (0.6) | 14 (0.2) | |
| Follow-up duration (months), median (IQR) | 11.3 (5.1-17.0) | 12.0 (6.7-17.7) | 11.2 (4.9-16.9) | 0.004 |
| Outcome at the end of follow-up, n (%) | ||||
| Lost to follow-up* | 2,285 (33.4) | 379 (48.3) | 1,906 (31.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Discharged | 1,337 (19.5) | 362 (46.2) | 975 (16.1) | |
| Dead | 27 (0.4) | 6 (0.8) | 21 (0.4) | |
| Transferred out | 127 (1.9) | 13 (1.7) | 114 (1.9) | |
| Under follow-up | 3,069 (44.8) | 24 (3.1) | 3,045 (50.2) | |
| Facility type, n (%) | ||||
| Central hospital | 637 (9.3) | 100 (12.8) | 537 (8.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Health centre | 1,003 (14.7) | 60 (7.7) | 943 (15.6) | |
| Faith based hospital | 625 (9.1) | 105 (13.4) | 520 (8.6) | |
| District hospital | 4,580 (66.9) | 519 (66.2) | 4,061 (67.0) | |
ART was defined as a combination of at least three antiretroviral drugs. Before OB+, women eligible for ART received a combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. Women not eligible for ART received zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy followed by zidovudine + lamivudine dual therapy or single-dose nevirapine during labour. During OB+, all women received a combination of tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz.
ART: Antiretroviral therapy; PEP: Post exposure prophylaxis (children received zidovudine (AZT) in pre-Option B+ and nevirapine (NVP) during Option B+); IQR: Interquartile range.
Represents women who missed some ART visits to the health facility
Infants who missed a clinic appointment for more than 60 days and did not return to care
P values from Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (continuous variables) and Chi-square tests (categorical variables).