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. 2018 Sep 13;9:3710. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05685-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Surface structures of SrTiO₃(110), and their stability upon treatment in oxygen atmosphere. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images (main panels: a, c 410 × 500 nm²; b, d 190 × 230 nm²; scale bars represent a length of 50 nm; top-right insets: 15 × 15 nm²), and LEED patterns of the SrTiO₃(110)–(4 × 1) (a, c) and –(2 × 5) (b, d) surfaces. The as-prepared (a, b) and O₂-annealed (c, d) samples appear similar; the slightly different contrast observed in the high-resolution STM images of b and d are related to variations of the tip termination