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. 2018 Sep 13;8:13756. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31830-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of hypophosphatemia on the progression of cartilage and bone cell differentiation and identification of altered circadian function during fracture healing. (A) Histological analyses of the effects of hypophosphatemia on post-operative day 10 and day 14 callus tissues. Callus sections in the mid-transverse plane of control and hypophosphatemic (Pi) mice are shown. Callus tissues from hypophosphatemic mice displayed large regions of residual cartilage and large regions of lesser differentiated cells tissue abutting the fracture. (B–E) Expression of cartilage and bone-related genes as denoted in the figure: Error bars represent ±1 standard error of the mean of the 2–3 repeat analyses performed on six samples per group. ^*A significant t-test p-value comparing Pi and Control expression levels at each time point (p < 0.05). ^#A trend in t-test p-value comparing Pi and Control expression levels at each time point (0.05 < p < 0.07).