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. 2018 Sep 13;8:13756. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31830-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Characterization of regulators of controlling temporal callus growth in response to hypophosphatemia. (A,B) mRNA expression of Ihh, a major morphogenetic factor controlling the growth cartilage feedback loop that regulates chondrocyte differentiation. (C–F) mRNA expression of PTHrP and Atf4, primary transcription factors controlling cartilage proliferation and apoptosis. Tissues were harvested every three hours from mice in both groups (n = 3, in each group by time points). Error bars represent ±1 standard error of the mean of the 2–3 repeat analyses performed on six samples per group. ^*Significant diet effect in two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Symbol was attached beside the value point when significant higher value among the time points was detected (post-hoc test) in each dietary group and per individual time.