Table 1.

Bacterial strains used in this study.

Strain	Relevant characteristics/genotype	References
E. coli F470	E. coli R1 prototype; R-LPS derivative of O8:K27	Schmidt et al., 1969; Vinogradov et al., 1999
E. coli F632	E. coli R2 prototype; R-LPS derivative of O100:K? (B):H2	Hämmerling et al., 1971; Heinrichs et al., 1998a
E. coli F653	E. coli R3 prototype; R-LPS derivative of O100	Schmidt et al., 1970
E. coli F2513	E. coli R4 prototype; R-LPS derivative of O14:K7	Schmidt et al., 1974
E. coli BW25113	F-, Δ(araD-araB)567, ΔlacZ4787(::rrnB-3), λ-, rph-1, Δ(rhaD-rhaB)568, hsdR514 wild-type strain used in the KEIO collection	Datsenko and Wanner, 2000; Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW3596	E. coli BW25113 waaC::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW3024	E. coli BW25113 waaE::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW3595	E. coli BW25113 waaF::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW3606	E. coli BW25113 waaG::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW0212	E. coli BW25113 gmhA::kan (lpcA::kan)	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW1667	E. coli BW25113 lpp::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW0554	E. coli BW25113 ompT::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW3605	E. coli BW25113 waaP::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli JW3600	E. coli BW25113 waaY::kan	Baba et al., 2006
E. coli ATCC25922	Clinical isolate, Serotype O6, Biotype 1, control strain for antimicrobial susceptibility testing	ATCC strain collection
E. coli AD120	E. coli ATCC25922 ΔwaaC	Ebbensgaard et al., 2015
E. coli AD121	E. coli ATCC25922 ΔwaaE	Ebbensgaard et al., 2015
E. coli AD122	E. coli ATCC25922 ΔwaaF	Ebbensgaard et al., 2015
E. coli AD123	E. coli ATCC25922 ΔwaaG	Ebbensgaard et al., 2015