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. 2018 Sep 13;8:13752. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30589-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nbea^+/− showed impairments in fear extinction. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental protocol. (B) Fear conditioning: There was no significant difference in freezing level during fear conditioning between WT (n = 7) and Nbea+/− (n = 10). Two-way ANOVA, F(4, 60) = 2.19, p = 0.0809. Retrieval: There was no difference in retrieval. WT (47.23 ± 3.587, n = 7) vs Nbea+/− (56.68 ± 3.524, n = 10), p = 0.0881, unpaired t-test, two-tailed. Extinction: There was a group difference during extinction. Interaction (Time × Group), F(17, 255) = 1.087, p = 0.3666; Group, F(1, 15) = 13.64, **p = 0.0022, Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. WT, n = 7; Nbea+/−, n = 10. Extinction recall: There was a significant difference in freezing level during extinction recall. WT (26.51 ± 3.072, n = 7) vs Nbea+/− (41.82 ± 3.762, n = 10), *p = 0.0101, unpaired t-test, two-tailed. Spontaneous recovery: There was a significant difference in freezing level during extinction recall. WT (25.86 ± 2.945, n = 7) vs Nbea+/− (39.07 ± 4.416, n = 10), *p = 0.0395, unpaired t-test, two-tailed. (C) Schematic representation of the experimental protocol. (D) Fear conditioning: There was no significant difference in freezing level during fear conditioning between WT (n = 10) and Nbea+/− (n = 9). Two-way ANOVA, F(4, 68) = 0.6439, p = 0.6330. Extinction: There was a group difference during extinction. Interaction (Time × Group), F(17, 289) = 0.9358, p = 0.5320; Group, F(1, 17) = 12.69, **p = 0.0024, Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. WT, n = 7; Nbea+/−, n = 10. Extinction recall: There was a significant difference in freezing level during extinction recall. WT (38.53 ± 3.568, n = 10) vs Nbea+/− (54.9 ± 3.924, n = 9), **p = 0.0066, unpaired t-test, two-tailed.