Table 2.
Conceptualization of various forms of CBT according to a component-level perspective
| Interventions or controls | Possible decompositions into components |
|---|---|
| Waiting list (WL) | w (±pl ± pe ± ps ± ftf) |
| No treatment (NT) | |
| Attention/psychological placebo (APP) | pl + ftf |
| Self-help psychoeducation (SH-PE) | pl + pe |
| Face-to-face psychoeducation (PE) | pl + pe + ftf |
| Supportive psychotherapy (SP) | pl (±pe) + ps + ftf |
| Self-help physiological therapy (SH-PT) | pl (±pe ± ps) + br/mr |
| Face-to-face physiological therapy (PT) | pl (±pe ± ps) + br/mr + ftf |
| Self-help cognitive therapy (SH-CT) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr) + cr |
| Face-to-face cognitive therapy (CT) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr) + cr + ftf |
| Self-help behaviour therapy (SH-BT) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr) + ine/ive/vre |
| Face-to-face behaviour therapy (BT) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr) + ine/ive/vre + ftf |
| Self-help cognitive-behaviour therapy (SH-CBT) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr) + cr + ine/ive/vre |
| Face-to-face cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr) + cr + ine/ive/vre + ftf |
| Self-help third wave CBT (SH-3W) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr ± cr ± ine ± ive ± vre) + 3w |
| Face-to-face third wave CBT (3W) | pl (±pe ± ps ± br ± mr ± cr ± ine ± ive ± vre) + 3w + ftf |
w, waiting component; pl, placebo effect; ftf, face-to-face setting; pe, psychoeducation; ps, psychological support; br, breathing retraining; mr, muscle relaxation; cr, cognitive restructuring; ine, interoceptive exposure; ive, in vivo exposure; vre, virtual reality exposure; 3w, third wave components.
Note that, abbreviations in uppercase (eg. WL) stand for interventions/controls, whereas abbreviations in lowercase italics stand for therapeutic components (eg. w). Components in parentheses are elective/optional.
Symbols: ‘+’ means ‘and’; ‘±’ means ‘with or without’; ’/’ means ‘and/or’.