Table 3. Summary of Univariate Analyses.
| Effect Moderator | Contrast Weights | Effects (k) | Δ (95% CI) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderator | Contrast | ||||
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1 | 20 | 0.81 (0.51 to 1.10) | <.001 | .28 |
| Mixed | −1 | 34 | 0.58 (0.36 to 0.80) | <.001 | |
| Age, y | |||||
| <25 | −0.5 | 2 | −0.04 (−0.89 to 0.80) | .92 | .63 |
| 25-54 | −0.5 | 26 | 0.67 (0.43 to 0.91) | <.001 | |
| ≥55 | 1 | 26 | 0.72 (0.45 to 1.00) | <.001 | |
| Health | |||||
| Healthy | 1 | 15 | 0.81 (0.33 to 1.29) | <.001 | .63 |
| Physical illness | −0.5 | 20 | 0.34 (0.17 to 0.52) | <.001 | |
| Mental illness (MDD, GAD) | −0.5 | 18 | 1.00 (0.69 to 1.31) | <.001 | |
| Baseline depression | |||||
| Indicative of mild to moderate depression | 1 | 25 | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.11) | <.001 | .02 |
| Not indicative | −1 | 29 | 0.45 (0.23 to 0.67) | <.001 | |
| Control condition | |||||
| Attention placebo control | 1 | 15 | 0.98 (0.56 to 1.41) | <.001 | .09 |
| No attention placebo control | −1 | 39 | 0.54 (0.36 to 0.73) | <.001 | |
| Comparison type | |||||
| Wait list | NA | 17 | 0.71 (0.39 to 1.02) | <.001 | NA |
| Patient education | NA | 13 | 0.51 (0.27 to 0.75) | <.001 | |
| No treatment | NA | 11 | 0.33 (0.02 to 0.64) | .04 | |
| Usual care | NA | 5 | 2.30 (1.05 to 3.55) | <.001 | |
| Placebo or second treatment | NA | 8 | 0.48 (0.07 to 0.88) | .02 | |
| Program length, wk | |||||
| <12 | −1 | 26 | 0.88 (0.58 to 1.18) | <.001 | .70 |
| ≥12 | 1 | 26 | 0.51 (0.28 to 0.73) | <.001 | |
| Session, min | |||||
| <45 | −1 | 12 | 1.10 (0.49 to 1.70) | <.001 | .049 |
| ≥45 | 1 | 28 | 0.48 (0.29 to 0.68) | <.001 | |
| Frequency, d/wk | |||||
| 2 | −0.5 | 12 | 0.53 (0.25 to 0.81) | <.001 | .19 |
| 3 | −0.5 | 32 | 0.60 (0.37 to 0.84) | <.001 | |
| ≥4 | 1 | 10 | 1.00 (0.55 to 1.46) | <.001 | |
| Intensity | |||||
| Low to moderate | −1 | 45 | 0.67 (0.49 to 0.87) | <.001 | .72 |
| Vigorous | 1 | 9 | 0.59 (0.17 to 1.01) | .006 | |
| Blinded assessment | |||||
| Yes | 1 | 42 | 0.56 (0.40 to 0.71) | <.001 | .15 |
| No | −1 | 12 | 1.07 (0.36 to 1.78) | .003 | |
| Supervision | |||||
| Combination of supervised and unsupervised | −1 | 9 | 0.14 (0 to 0.29) | .05 | .02 |
| Fully supervised | 1 | 44 | 0.79 (0.57 to 1.02) | <.001 | |
| Primary outcome depression | |||||
| Yes | 1 | 38 | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.13) | <.001 | .002 |
| No | −1 | 16 | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.32) | .006 | |
| Significant improvement in strength | |||||
| Yes | 1 | 19 | 0.50 (0.32 to 0.68) | <.001 | .45 |
| No | −0.5 | 7 | 0.09 (−0.08 to 0.27) | .30 | |
| Not reported | −0.5 | 28 | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.26) | <.001 | |
Abbreviations: GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; MDD, major or minor depressive disorder.
a
The moderator P value indicates the P value for the mean effect of the individual moderator. The contrast P value indicates the P value of the comparison between the moderator levels.