Table 2. Outcomes at End Point and at Different Time Pointsa.
| Variable | Baseline to End Point | Short-term (6 mo) | Medium-term (9-12 mo) | Long-term (18-24 mo) | Difference End Point vs 18-24 mo, P Value | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Studies (No. of Patients) | SMD (95% CI) | Result P Value | Heterogeneity | No. of Studies (No. of Patients) | SMD (95% CI) | Result P Value | Heterogeneity | No. of Patients (No. of Studies) | SMD (95% CI) | Result P Value | Heterogeneity | No. of Studies (No. of Patients) | SMD (95% CI) | Result P Value | Heterogeneity | ||||||
| P Value | I2 | P Value | I2 | P Value | I2 | P Value | I2 | ||||||||||||||
| Total symptom severity | 8 (1179) | −0.322 (−0.474 to −0.170) |
<.001 | .18 | 31.7 | 4 (671) | −0.447 (−0.672 to −0.223) |
<.001 | .14 | 44.8 | 8 (1179) | −0.322 (−0.474 to −0.170) |
<.001 | .18 | 31.7 | 4 (559) | −0.210 (−0.390 to −0.031) |
.02 | .35 | 8.1 | .42 |
| Positive symptom severity | 10 (1532) | −0.215 (−0.318 to −0.113) |
<.001 | .43 | 0.5 | 5 (695) | −0.306 (−0.497 to −0.116) |
.002 | .25 | 25.6 | 10 (1532) | −0.215 (−0.318 to −0.113) |
<.001 | .43 | 0.5 | 5 (900) | −0.148 (−0.281 to −0.015) |
.03 | .90 | 0.0 | .43 |
| Negative symptom severity | 10 (1532) | −0.280 (−0.424 to −0.137) |
<.001 | .10 | 38.4 | 5 (695) | −0.333 (−0.527 to −0.139) |
.001 | .24 | 27.4 | 10 (1532) | −0.280 (−0.424 to −0.137) |
<.001 | .10 | 38.4 | 5 (899) | −0.245 (−0.385 to −0.105) |
.001 | .37 | 6.7 | .73 |
| General symptom severity | 8 (1118) | −0.297 (−0.468 to −0.127) |
.001 | .11 | 40.2 | 5 (695) | −0.340 (−0.501 to −0.178) |
<.001 | .37 | 7.1 | 8 (1118) | −0.297 (−0.468 to −0.127) |
.001 | .11 | 40.2 | 3 (489) | −0.143 (−0.324 to 0.037) |
.12 | .43 | 0.0 | .30 |
| Depressive symptom severity | 5 (874) | −0.193 (−0.351 to −0.034) |
.02 | .30 | 17.9 | 3 (511) | −0.276 (−0.451 to −0.101) |
.002 | .58 | 0.0 | 5 (874) | −0.193 (−0.351 to −0.034) |
.02 | .30 | 17.9 | 3 (474) | −0.212 (−0.509 to 0.084) |
.16 | .09 | 58.5 | .10 |
| Global functioningb | 7 (1005) | 0.210 (0.085 to 0.336) |
.001 | .59 | 0 | 3 (286) | 0.307 (0.026 to 0.589) |
.03 | .30 | 16.8 | 7 (1005) | 0.210 (0.085 to 0.336) |
.001 | .59 | 0 | 4 (708) | 0.244 (0.095 to 0.393) |
.001 | .65 | 0 | .73 |
| Quality of life | 4 (505) | 0.230 (0.004 to 0.456) |
.046 | .21 | 34.1 | 3 (544) | 0.193 (0.024 to 0.363) |
.02 | .51 | 0 | 2 (295) | 0.282 (0.050 to 0.515) |
.02 | .73 | 0 | 3 (437) | 0.269 (0.497 to 0.041) |
.02 | .26 | 26.9 | .97 |
Abbreviation: SMD, standardized mean difference.
a
Negative SMD favored early intervention services when smaller values are better (psychopathology), and positive SMD favored early intervention services when larger values are better (global functioning and quality of life).