Table 2.
Indirect effects between sex and outcomes for parallel mediation.
| Effect | Quit Problems | Smoking-Specific Avoidance and Inflexibility | Barriers to Cessation Scale | Abstinence | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| b | SE | 95% CI | b | SE | 95% CI | b | SE | 95% CI | b | SE | 95% CI | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| c | 0.37 | 0.06 | (0.260, 0.488) | 2.82 | 0.97 | (0.909, 4.727) | 4.25 | 0.96 | (2.359, 6.141) | 0.47 | 0.26 | (−0.043, 0.980) |
| c' | 0.29 | 0.06 | (0.174, 0.398) | 1.54 | 0.89 | (−0.212, 3.294) | 2.80 | 0.90 | (1.018, 4.574) | 0.27 | 0.28 | (−0.279, 0.815) |
| SCQ-LT as mediator | ||||||||||||
| a | 0.31 | 0.12 | (0.070, 0.555) | 0.31 | 0.12 | (0.070, 0.555) | 0.31 | 0.12 | (0.070, 0.555) | 0.28 | 0.12 | (0.036, 0.523) |
| b | 0.02 | 0.03 | (−0.028, 0.070) | 1.67 | 0.39 | (0.905, 2.441) | 0.71 | 0.40 | (−0.068, 1.489) | 0.11 | 0.14 | (−0.156, 0.38) |
| a1b1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | (−0.009, 0.029) | 0.52 | 0.28 | (0.094, 1.204) | 0.22 | 0.18 | (−0.023, 0.689) | 0.03 | 0.05 | (−0.034, 0.164) |
| SCQ-IC as mediator | ||||||||||||
| a | 0.41 | 0.16 | (0.099, 0.720) | 0.41 | 0.16 | (0.099, 0.720) | 0.41 | 0.16 | (0.099, 0.720) | 0.41 | 0.16 | (0.085, 0.731) |
| b | 0.04 | 0.02 | (0.006, 0.083) | 0.66 | 0.31 | (0.058, 1.257) | 0.41 | 0.31 | (−0.197, 1.02) | 0.01 | 0.10 | (−0.181, 0.196) |
| a2b2 | 0.02 | 0.01 | (0.002, 0.050) | 0.27 | 0.17 | (0.025, 0.734) | 0.17 | 0.16 | (−0.05, 0.614) | 0.003 | 0.04 | (−0.086, 0.102) |
| SCQ-SS as mediator | ||||||||||||
| a | 0.09 | 0.22 | (−0.349, 0.531) | 0.09 | 0.22 | (−0.349, 0.531) | 0.09 | 0.22 | (−0.349, 0.531) | 0.13 | 0.24 | (−0.345, 0.598) |
| b | 0.02 | 0.01 | (−0.008, 0.041) | 0.03 | 0.19 | (−0.354, 0.407) | 0.28 | 0.20 | (−0.106, 0.666) | 0.04 | 0.06 | (−0.080, 0.158) |
| a3b3 | 0.002 | 0.005 | (−0.005, 0.017) | 0.002 | 0.05 | (−0.078, 0.142) | 0.03 | 0.08 | (−0.084, 0.246) | 0.01 | 0.02 | (−0.017, 0.082) |
| SCQ-NR as mediator | ||||||||||||
| a | 0.41 | 0.16 | (0.106, 0.723) | 0.41 | 0.16 | (0.106, 0.723) | 0.41 | 0.16 | (0.106, 0.723) | 0.47 | 0.17 | (0.143, 0.805) |
| b | 0.07 | 0.02 | (0.036, 0.113) | 2.09 | 0.30 | (1.497, 2.692) | 2.12 | 0.31 | (1.513, 2.725) | −0.12 | 0.09 | (−0.304, 0.059) |
| a4b4 | 0.03 | 0.02 | (0.008, 0.069) | 0.87 | 0.37 | (0.235, 1.712) | 0.88 | 0.38 | (0.220, 1.689) | −0.06 | 0.05 | (−0.193, 0.022) |
| SCQ-AW as mediator | ||||||||||||
| a | 1.20 | 0.21 | (0.783, 1.627) | 1.20 | 0.21 | (0.783, 1.627) | 1.20 | 0.21 | (0.783, 1.627) | 1.36 | 0.23 | (0.902, 1.819) |
| b | 0.03 | 0.01 | (−0.001, 0.052) | −0.32 | 0.21 | (−0.738, 0.099) | 0.13 | 0.22 | (−0.292, 0.557) | 0.16 | 0.07 | (0.032, 0.295) |
| a5b5 | 0.03 | 0.02 | (−.0004, 0.072) | −0.38 | 0.27 | (−0.980, 0.084) | 0.16 | 0.26 | (−0.322, 0.710) | 0.22 | 0.10 | (0.048, 0.439) |
Note. Statistically significant indirect effects are bolded. a, b, c, and c' represent unstandardized regression coefficients: a = direct effect of sex on mediator; b = direct effect of mediator on outcomes; c = total effect of sex on outcome, without accounting for mediators; c’ = direct effect of sex on outcomes when accounting for mediators; anbn = Specific Indirect Effect through identified mediator. 95% CI for Indirect Effects were bias corrected and subjected to 10000 bootstrap samples. Covariates for all models included: Presence Axis 1 (First et al., 1994), Tobacco-Related Medical Illnesses (Buckner et al., 2014), FTCD = Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (Heatherton et al., 1991), PANAS-NA = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Negative Affect Subscale (Watson et al., 1988), SCQ-LT = Smoking Consequence Questionnaire-Long Term Consequences; SCQ-IC = Smoking Consequence Questionnaire-Immediate Negative Consequences; SCQ-SS = Smoking Consequence Questionnaire-Sensory Satisfaction; SCQ-NR = Smoking Consequence Questionnaire-Negative Reinforcement; SCQ-AW = Smoking Consequence Questionnaire-Appetite-Weight Control (Garey et al., 2017), Quit problems = Smoking History Questionnaire (Brown, Lejuez, Kahler, & Strong, 2002), AIS = Smoking-specific Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (Gifford & Lillis, 2009), BCS = Barriers to Cessation Scale (Macnee & Talsma, 1995).