Table 2.

Genetic markers for the identification and typing of mastitis inducing pathogens.

Mastitis inducer	Genetic markers for diagnosis		Refs.
	Diagnosis	typing
Staph. aureus	nuc or 16S rRNA	coa, aroA, clf, cna and the spa gene and its Xr-region.	[15]
CNS	16S rRNA, tuf, and rpoB	RFLP on gapC gene, PCR for tRNA intergenic spacer, AFLP, and (GTG) 5-PCR typing.	[83]
Streptococci	cpn60	cpn60	[14], [27], [28], [84]
Strept. uberis	sodA, cpn60	yqiL., hasA,	[27], [85]
E. coli	16S rRNA	enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC).	[86]
Mycoplasma	16S–23S rRNA p40 -	MLST of fusA, gyrB, lepA and rpoB	[25], [87], [88]