Table 2.

Mean annual costs (in EUR) in 2011 for outpatient health services, by group and specialty

	Conduct Disorder Group				Control Group
Specialty	Urban	Rural	P-value	Effect size (d)	Urban	Rural	P-value	Effect size (d)
Child and adolescent psychiatrist/ psychotherapist	493.92 (±899.50)	271.80 (±523.67)	< 0.0005	0.23	31.28 (±235.10)	20.56 (±155.65)	0.033	−0.05
Paediatrician	165.92 (±233.14)	95.64 (±135.60)	< 0.005	0.24	83.85 (±114.64)	69.61 (±92,96)	< 0.0005	−0.14
General practitioner	48.55 (±87.57)	57.83 (±79.86)	< 0.0005	0.15	33.90 (±59.09)	43.71 (±65.74)	< 0.0005	0.16