Table 2.

Descriptions of known lncRNA mechanisms

Mechanism	Description	Example
Direct RBP	RBP interaction directly impacts the target or lncRNA	hnRNPL binding to DSCAM-AS1 (Niknafs et al., 2016)
Direct RNA	RNA–RNA interaction directly impacts the target with no RBP involvement	TINCR stabilization of various mRNAs (Kretz et al., 2013)
(De-)stabilization	RNA-RNA interaction increases/decreases the affinity of RBP binding nearby	iNOS stabilization by AS via HuR (Matsui et al., 2007)
Localization	RBP bound to the lncRNA is brought into the vicinity of the target through RNA-RNA interaction	MALAT1 localization of splicing factors (Bernard et al., 2010)
Decoy	RBP is sequestered from the target by the lncRNA	Gas5-AS binding transcription factors (Kino et al., 2010)
Competitive	RBP and lncRNA compete for the same binding location on the target	7SL disrupts HuR stabilization of TP53 (Abdelmohsen et al., 2014)
dsRNA binding	A dsRNA binding protein interacts with stems created from lncRNA interaction	STAU1-mediated decay (Kim et al., 2007)
Complex	The lncRNA facilitates the formation of a complex between multiple proteins	HOTAIR and the polycomb complex (Zhang et al., 2014)

Note: Mechanisms in italics are not included in the predictions.