Table 2.
Synthesis, morphology, and applications of AgNPs prepared form microbes
| Reducing agent | Derived from | Conditions | Morphology | References | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate reductase enzyme of Fusarium oxysporum | Fusarium oxysporium | 10 g fungal biomass AgNO3 (10 mM) in the filtrate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and maintained for 72 h at 28 °C | Size: 57.6 ± 1.7 nm Shape: spherical |
Fanti et al. (2018) | Activity against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis |
| Fungal Xylanases | Aspergillus niger L3 and Trichoderma longibrachiatum L2 | Crude enzyme (1 ml) + 50 ml of 1 mM AgNO3 (30 ± 2 °C) | Size: 15.21–77.49 nm Shape: spherical |
Elegbede et al. (2018) | Effective as antimicrobial, antioxidant, catalytic, anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents |
| Fungal biomass obtained from dried mycelia | Cladosporium species | Fungal extract + 10 ml of AgNO3 (5 mM) solution, stirring at RT for 1 h | Mean size: 24 nm Shape: spherical |
Popli et al. (2018) | Antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer properties |
| Fungal biomass | Penicillium polonicum ARA 10 | 10 ml fungal filtrate + 90 ml of 1 mM AgNO3 solution, incubation with shaking (200 rpm) at room, in presence of light | Size: 10–15 nm Shape: spherical and oval |
Neethu et al. (2018a, b) | Activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium |
| Fungal biomass | Phanerochaete chrysosporium (MTCC-787) | 20 g of fungal biomass + 200 ml of milli-Q, incubation at 25 °C for 72 h + 1 mM AgNO3, incubation at 25 °C for 120 h, RT in a dark room | Size: 34–90 nm Shape: spherical and oval |
Saravanan et al. (2018a, b) | Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis |
| Mycelial filtrate of Trichoderma atroviride strain KNUP001 | Trichoderma atroviride strain KNUP001 | 100 ml cells free fungal biomass filtrate + AgNO3 (5 mM or 10 mM), 40 °C, darkness | Size: 15–25 nm (avg.) Shape: variable |
Kumar et al. (2018) | Antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus |
| Mycelial cell free filtrate | Aspergillus brasiliensis | AgNO3 + 100 ml mycelial cell free filtrate 0.1 N HCl & NaOH were used to adjust the solution pH |
Size: 6–21 nm Shape: spherical |
Omran et al. (2018) | Activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, respectively |
| Fungal biomass | Aspergillus niger JX556221 | Fungal biomass + 0.1 mM AgNO3 solution, stirring at RT for 24 h | Size: 20–25 nm Shape: spherical |
Wang et al. (2018) | Elevation of ROS levels in target cells, anticancer potential against colon cancer cell line, HT-29 |
| Fungal biomass | Trichoderma longibrachiatum | fungal biomass + 100 ml Milli-Q deionized water, stirring for 48 h at 28 °C at150 rpm + 1 mM AgNO3 solution, stirring at 150 rpm at 23–33 °C in dark | Size: variable Shape: spherical |
Elamawi et al. (2018) | Activity against phytopathogenic fungi: Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium brevicompactum, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Pyricularia grisea |
| Fungal biomass | Penicillium polonicum | 10 ml Fungal cell filtrate + 90 ml of 1 mM AgNO3 solution incubated and shaken (200 rpm), RT, in the presence of light | Size: 10–15 nm Shape: spherical |
Neethu et al. (2018a, b) | Antibacterial efficacy against biofilm forming, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii |
| Cell free bacterial supernatant | Streptomyces xinghaiensis OF1 strain | Supernatant + AgNO3 solution (final concentration 0.001 mol l − 1), incubated at RT for 2–3 days | Size:64 (± 49) nm Shape: spherical | Wypij et al. (2018) | Activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur |
| Aq. Enzyme extracts from cell free supernatant of bacterium sp. | Bacillus sp. (bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus subtilis) | Cell free supernatant. 10 ml of this supernatant mixed with 90 ml AgNO3, stirring at RT to get AgNPs | Size: < 100 nm Shape: spherical | Ghiuta et al. (2018) | Antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, as well as Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes |
| B. brevis (NCIM 2533) culture broth | Bacillus Brevis (NCIM 2533) | Bacterium culture broth + 1 mM AgNO3, overnight incubation and stirring at RT | Size: 41–68 nm Shape: spherical |
Saravanan et al. (2018a, b) | Antibacterial property against multi-drug resistant pathogens such as Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus |
| Cell free supernatant of acidophilic actinobacteria culture broth | Streptacidiphilus durhamensis HGG16n | Cell free bacterial supernatant + 3 mM AgNO3, incubated at 26 °C, stirring at RT in dark, 7 days | Size: 8–48 nm Shape: spherical |
Buszwski et al. (2018a, b) | Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis |
| Nostoc linckia extract | Nostoc linckia | 5 ml Nostoc linckia + 45 ml AgNO3 (1 mM, aq soln.), stirring at RT, 8 h | Size: 5–60 nm Shape: spherical |
Vanlalveni et al. (2018) | Activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans and Aspergillus niger |
| Bacterial Exopolysaccharide | Leuconostoc lactis | 9 mM AgNO3 in 10 ml milli Q water, stirring at RT in dark, 24 h | Size: 35 nm (avg) Shape: spherical |
Saravanan et al. (2017) | Degradation of harmful textile dyes (azo dyes) |
| Cell free supernatant of bacterial strain | Actinobacteria SH11 strain | Preincubated Cell free bacterial supernatant + 1 mM AgNO3, stirring at RT, 2–3 days | Mean size of 13.2 (± 2.9) nm Shape: spherical |
Wypij et al. (2017a, b) | Activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) |
| Wet fungal mycelia | 20 different filamentous fungal strains identified as: IPT825, 827, 829, 849, 853, 859, 868, 856, 1005, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, and 1018 | Cell free filtrate + AgNO3 (1 mM), incubation at 30 °C, agitation at 200 rpm for 120 h in the dark | Size: 30–100 nm Shape: spherical |
Ottoni et al. (2017) | Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Fungal cell free filtrate | Cunninghamella echinulata | AgNO3 (10 mM) solution + aqueous fungal extract, incubation in the dark for 24 h | Size: 20–50 nm Shape: spherical |
Anbazhagan et al. (2017) | Activity against Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Encapsulated biomass beads | Phoma exigua var. exigua | Cell filtrate was treated with AgNO3 (1 mM) | Size: 22 nm Shape: spherical |
Shende et al. (2017) | Activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus |
| Supernatant of endophytic fungus | Alternaria species | Mycelium free filtrate (10 ml) + 90 ml of AgNO3 (1 mM), incubation at 40 °C in a hot water bath for 20 min |
Size: 10–30 nm Shape: Spherical |
Singh et al. (2017a, b) | Activity against Bacillus subtilis (MTCC441), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC740), Escherichia coli (MTCC444) and Serratia marcescens (MTCC97) |
| Cell free extract of bacterial isolate | Bacillus methylotropicus DC3 | AgNO3 added to the cell free Supernatant to get final conc. 1 mM, incubation at (200 rpm) centrifugation (20,000 rpm) | Size: 10–30 nm Shape: Spherical |
Wang et al. (2016) | Activity against Candida albicans, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Cell free extract of bacterial isolate | Pseudomonas aeruginosa JP2 | Cell free extract of bacterial isolate + AgNO3, stirring at RT for 24 h | Size: 5–60 nm Shape: spherical |
Ali et al. (2016) | Cost effective method, improved bioavailability |
| Cell free supernatant at optimum pH < 4 | Acidophilic actinomycetes SL19 and SL24 of Pilimelia columellifera subsp. pallida | Cell free supernatant + 1 mM AgNO3, stirring at RT for 2–3 days | Size: 12.7 and 15.9 nm Shape: spherical |
Golinska et al. (2016a, b) | Activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Cell free bacterial supernatant | ATCC27853 Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatant (10, 30, and 50% by volume) + AgNO3 (1, 5, and 10 mM), stirring at 37 °C for 24 h | Size: 25–45 nm Shape: spherical |
Quinteros et al. (2016) | Bactericidal effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli, negligible cytotoxic effect in human neutrophils |