Table 3.

Synergistic effect of AgNPs with antibiotics and the target microbes

Target pathogen	AgNPs + Antibiotic (synergistic effect)	AgNP morphology	Key references
Staphylococcus aureus	Amoxycillin	Size: variable Shape: spherical	Silvero et al. (2018)
Candida albicans	Fluconazole	Size: 30 ± 1 nm Shape: Spherical	El-Adly and Shabana (2018)
Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus	Gentamycin	Size: 8–45 nm Shape: spherical	Kumar et al. (2018)
Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ceftriaxone	Size: 20 nm Shape: spherical	Shanmuganathan et al. (2018)
Candida albicans	Ketoconazole	Size: 10–15 nm Shape: spherical	Prasher et al. (2018a, b)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis	Streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, tetracycline and neomycin	Size: 8–48 nm Shape: spherical	Buszewski et al. (2018a, b)
Acinetobacter baumannii	Doxycycline, tetracycline and erythromycin	Size: variable Shape: variable	Singh et al. (2018)
Enterococcus faecalis	Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol	Size: 20 nm (avg.) Shape: variable	Katva et al. (2017)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Rifampicin	Size: 12 nm (avg.) Shape: spherical and cluster	Jafari et al. (2017)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms	Tobramycin	Size: 10–20 nm Shape: variable	Habash et al. (2017)
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus	Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, gentamycin, Amoxycillin, Erythromycin, ciprofloxacin	Size: 15 nm Shape: variable	Saratale et al. (2017)
Serratia marcescens	Ampicillin and penicillin	Size: 2–5 nm Shape: spherical	Kumari et al. (2017)
Candida albicans Candida glabrata, Candida geochares, Candida saitoana, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium	Amphotericin B, Kanamycin, Rifampicin	Not available	Patra and Baek (2017)
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli	Ampicillin	Size: 20–170 nm Shape: variable	Tippayawat et al. (2017)
Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio vulnificus	Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline	Size: 5–15 nm Shape: spherical	Prema et al. (2017)
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria	Cephalexin	Size: 21 ± 5 nm (avg.) Shape: spherical	Wang et al. (2017a, b, c)
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus	Penicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin	Size: 20–167 nm Shape: variable	Kaweeteerawat et al. (2017)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus	Curcumin	Size: 25–35 nm Shape: variable	Jaiswal and Mishra (2017)
Microcystis aeruginosa and Phormidium sp.	Gentamycin, ampicillin	Size: 71–201 nm Shape: variable	Satapathy et al. (2017)
Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera	Ampicillin and ciprofloxacin	Size: 35–60 nm Shape: variable	Naik et al. (2017)
Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur, and Trichophyton erinacei	Fluconazole, ketoconazole	Size: 12.7 nm (avg.) Shape: spherical	Wypij et al. (2017a, b)
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli	Ciprofloxacin	Not available	Ibrahim et al. (2017)
Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris	Vancomycin, Gentamycin, Amikacin, Linezolid	Size: 72–85 nm Shape: variable	Rangarajan et al. (2017)
Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli	Ampicillin, Polymyxin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Penicillin, Amikacin, Tetracycline, Cephalothin, Amoxyclav, Cefpirome, Clotrimazole	Size: 15–20 nm Shape: variable	Moteria et al. (2017)
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae	Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline	Size:7.22 ± 3.7 nm (avg.) Shape: variable	Phanjom and Ahmed (2017)
Klebsiella pneumoniae	Gentamycin	Not available	Chibber et al. (2017)
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus	Ciprofloxacin	Size:17 nm (avg.) Shape: not available	Xiong et al. (2017)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida	Penicillin, Gentamycin, Colistin	Size:8 nm and 28 nm Shape: spherical	Smekalova et al. (2016)
Enterobacteriaceae	Cefotaxime, ceftazidime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin	Size: 28 nm Shape: spherical	Panacek et al. (2016)
Bacillus cereus 4079, Staphylococcus epidermidis 3615, Staphylococcus aureus 740, Bacillus subtilis 441, Escherichia coli 443, Salmonella typhimurium 98, Klebsiella pneumoniae 3384, Serratia marcescens 97	Streptomycin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Cefepime, Amoxicillin, Cefetaxime	Size: 20–30 nm Shape: FCC cubic	Jyoti et al. (2016)
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis	Kanamycin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline	Size: 5–50 nm Shape:spherical	Rathod et al. (2016)
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin	Size: 12.7–15.9 nm Shape:spherical	Golinska et al. (2016a, b)
Staphylococcus aureus	Neomycin, Gentamycin	Not available	Jamaran and Zarif (2016)
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus flavus	Streptomycin, tetracycline, kanamycin, rifampicin, amphotericin B, fluconazole, and ketoconazole	5–30 nm Spherical	Aziz et al. (2016)