Table 3. Lipid levels and dysfunctional HDL (Dys-HDL) levels at enrollment and 48 hours after enrollment by top quartile SOFA score and SOFA increase over 48 hours.

Student’s T test was performed for HDL-C, LDL-C, and lactate; Wilcoxon’s rank sum test was used for Dys-HDL and ICU stay; and Pearson’s Chi Square test was used for mechanical ventilation and vasopressors use comparisons. HDL, high density lipoprotein. SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment. LDL, low density lipoprotein. HII, HDL inflammatory index. SD, standard deviation. IQR, interquartile range.

Variable	Enrollment SOFA		P value
Enrollment value	Bottom 75% (N = 74)	Top 25% (N = 23)
Dys-HDL level (HII), median (IQR)	1.81 (1.23–2.64)	2.31 (1.33–5.2)	0.043
HDL-C level (mg/dL), mean (SD)	28.5 (19.1)	27.0 (20.0)	0.74
LDL-C level (mg/dL), mean (SD)	51.6 (26.6)	42.8 (24.9)	0.17
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD)	106.0 (33.9)	95.3 (28.9)	0.19
Lactate (mmol/L), mean (SD)	3.26 (SD 1.68)	4.03 (SD 2.7)	0.14
Mechanical Ventilation, % (n/total)	34% (25/74)	87% (20/23)	<0.001
Vasopressor Use, % (n/total)	30% (22/74)	83% (19/23)	<0.001
ICU stay, median days (IQR)	4 (2–6)	5 (3–8)	0.19
48-hour value	48-hour SOFA		P value
	Bottom 75% (N = 66)	Top 25% (N = 31)
Dys-HDL level (HII), median (IQR)	1.63 (1.05–2.4)	1.74 (1.1–2.4)	0.73
HDL-C level (mg/dL), mean (SD)	22.2 (17.5)	12.5 (9.4)	0.015
LDL-C level (mg/dL), mean (SD)	57.3 (23.6)	39.3 (20.5)	0.003
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD)	109.8 (30.9)	81.9 (23.8)	<0.001
Vasopressor Use at 48 hours, % (n/total)	5% (3/66)	59% (13/22)	<0.001
Delta (48 hour–enrollment)	Delta SOFA		P value
	Decrease (N = 76)	Increase (N = 21)
Dys-HDL (HII), median (IQR)	-0.14(-0.51, 0.23)	-0.19 (-0.57, 0.4)	0.81
HDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SD)	-8.3 (11.9)	-10.8 (15.4)	0.53
LDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SD)	3.7 (21.9)	-10.8 (21.6)	0.044
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SD)	0.41 (25.6)	-17.1 (21.4)	0.035