Figure 1. Dietary queuine and gut microbiota‐derived queuine regulate protein synthesis via tRNA queuosinylation.

Queuine is a micronutrient obtained from food and the gut microbiota. Under normal conditions, queuine is used to modify the wobble position of certain tRNAs and this modification is required for proper translation. Queuine depletion results in deregulation of translation (possibly due to amino acid misincorporation or ribosome slowdown) that leads to ER stress and impaired growth in a mouse model system.