Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in subject with type 1 diabetes by their dipping status
| Variable | Non-dippers N 4 (10%) |
Dippers N 37 (90%) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 43 ± 14 | 34 ± 13 | 0.32 | |
| Duration, years | 16 ± 11 | 13 ± 6 | 0.70 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.77 | |
| Systolic BP , mm Hg | 118 ± 4 | 117 ± 12 | 0.75 | |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 68 ± 11 | 73 ± 7 | 0.38 | |
| Mean Daytime Systolic BP , mm Hg | 123 ± 10 | 125 ± 10 | 0.68 | |
| Mean Daytime Diastolic BP , mm Hg | 73 ± 9 | 76 ± 6 | 0.18 | |
| Mean Nighttime Systolic BP , mm Hg | 120 ± 9 | 113 ± 10 | 0.04 | |
| Mean Nighttime Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 68 ± 11 | 73 ± 7 | 0.38 | |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 8.0 ± 1.2 | 0.32 | |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 54 ± 22 | 64 ± 21 | 0.32 | |
| LDL-c, mg/dl | 89 ± 17 | 92 ± 22 | 0.81 | |
| HDL-c, mg/dl | 60 ± 14 | 64 ± 20 | 0.58 | |
| Triglycerides, md/dl | 51 ± 18 | 69 ± 25 | 0.14 | |
| Serum Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.33 | |
| HBGI | 9.8±10.5 | 9.9±6.7 | 0.97 | |
| LBGI | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 2.7 ± 2.6 | 0.82 | |
| AUC Hyperglycemia | 41589 ± 34745 | 33208 ± 36634 | 0.64 | |
| AUC Hypoglycemia | 2660 ± 2861 | 2867 ± 2521 | 0.54 | |
| MAGE | 99.3 ± 51.2 | 136.7 ± 29.8 | 0.33 | |
| CV glucose | 0.42 ± 0.9 | 0.48 ± 0.29 | 0.45 | |
| IFN-g, pg/mL | 2.6 (1.6,4.7) | 4.3(1.9,12.9) | 0.32 | |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 20.6 (10.6,23.1) | 2.85(1.73.8) | 0.21 | |
| IL-17A, pg/mL | 1.7 (1.5,3.3) | 3.75(1.6,7.7) | 0.37 | |
| MCP-1, pg/mL | 595 (336,889) | 568(429,746) | 0.98 | |
| TNF-a, pg/mL | 7.05(5.8,8.1) | 7.7(6.2,9.6) | 0.47 | |
| CRP, ng/mL | 0.15(0.1,0.4) | 1.2(0.1,4.3) | 0.13 | |
| E:I ratio | 1.21(0.11) | 1.23(0.12) | 0.21 | |
| Valsalva ratio | 1.31(0.14) | 1.28(0.17) | 0.24 | |
| 30:15 Ratio | 1.17 ± 0.08 | 1.27 ± 0.18 | 0.05 | |
| Resting LF, ms | 3.7 ± 3.9 | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 0.29 | |
| Resting HF, ms | 3.1 ± 3.3 | 2.8 ± 3.7 | 0.80 | |
| Resting LF:HF Ratio | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 2.2 | 0.15 | |
| Deep Breathing LF, ms | 0.94 ± 0.82 | 0.85 ± 0.58 | 0.65 | |
| Deep Breathing HF, ms | 18.2 ± 16.8 | 27.1 ± 24.7 | 0.22 | |
| Deep Breathing LF:HF Ratio | 3.6 ± 8.9 | 3.2 ± 7.8 | 0.10 | |
| SDNN , ms | 52.5 ± 21.9 | 52.2 ± 21.5 | 0.96 | |
| RMSSD, ms | 45.2 ± 33.0 | 36.7 ± 25.1 | 0.34 | |
Data are presented as mean±SD or median(IQR). BMI: body mass index, BP: blood pressure, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL: high density lipoprotein, HBGI: high blood glucose index, LBGI: low blood glucose index, AUC: area under the curve, MAGE: mean amplitude of glycemic index , CV: coefficient of variabtion,IFN-g: interferon gamma, IL: interleukin, MCP: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, TNF-a: tumor necrosis factor alpha, R: receptor, CRP: c reactive protein, E:I : expiration inspiration, LF: low frequency power, HF: high frequency power, SDNN: standard deviation of normal RR interval, RMSSD: root mean square of the difference of the successive normal RR interval.