Table 3.
Univariate and Multivariate Models Examining Factors Associated with Death
| Covariates | Univariate Screen | Multivariate Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Continuous)* | 1.01 [1.00, 1.02] | 0.057 | 1.02 [1.00, 1.03] | 0.016 |
|
| ||||
| Male Sex* | 1.03 [0.71, 1.49] | 0.880 | 0.256 | |
|
| ||||
| White Race* | 0.78 [0.51, 1.20] | 0.263 | 0.60 [0.37, 0.96] | 0.035 |
|
| ||||
| Elixhauser Score* (Continuous) | 1.06 [1.04, 1.09] | <0.001 | 1.05 [1.03, 1.08] | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Academic Hospital (vs Community)* | 1.64 [1.13, 2.40] | 0.010 | ||
|
| ||||
| Study Year 2 vs Year 1 | 0.94 [0.65, 1.36] | 0.754 | ||
|
| ||||
| Discharging Service | 0.239 | |||
| Medical | REFERENCE | |||
| Surgical | 1.41 [0.63, 3.15] | |||
| Other | 1.40 [0.92, 2.13] | |||
|
| ||||
| Hospital-Onset Sepsis* | 5.13 [3.11, 8.47] | <0.001 | 4.61 [2.62, 8.10] | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Hypotension at Sepsis Onset | 1.21 [0.83, 1.78] | 0.329 | ||
|
| ||||
| Septic Shock (Persistent Hypotension or Lactate ≥4 mmol/L)* | 1.70 [1.08, 2.66] | 0.022 | 1.89 [1.14, 3.12] | 0.014 |
|
| ||||
| Respiratory Failure at Sepsis Onset* | 2.95 [1.59, 5.47] | <0.001 | 2.00 [0.98, 4.06] | 0.056 |
|
| ||||
| Vague Symptoms* | 3.16 [2.16, 4.64] | <0.001 | 2.36 [1.53, 3.62] | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Body Site of Infection* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Urinary | REFERENCE | REFERENCE | ||
| Pulmonary | 3.49 [1.86, 6.55] | 3.23 [1.64, 6.38] | ||
| Abdominal | 2.55 [1.25, 5.21] | 2.24 [1.04, 4.84] | ||
| Other | 4.09 [2.12, 7.90] | 4.20 [2.06, 8.58] | ||
|
| ||||
| Positive Blood Cultures | 1.11 [0.74, 1.66] | 0.609 | ||
|
| ||||
| Failing SEP-1 (All-or-Nothing) | 1.82 [1.19, 2.80] | 0.006 | 1.36 [0.85, 2.18] | 0.205 |
*
Indicates variables that were included in the multivariate model, based on significance at p<0.20 on univariate screen or a priori decision to include (age, sex, race, and failing SEP-1). Academic hospital was dropped in the intermediate model as its p-value was >0.10.