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. 2018 Sep 14;8:13819. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31952-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic depicting the hypothesis that diffusible morphogens define the dorsoventral patterning of the hindbrain. Ears transplanted (green) adjacent to the native ear (red) project together in the region of highest expression of BMPs and Wnts (blue), and dorsal to trigeminal afferents (magenta). Similarly, when ears were transplanted to the spinal cord (green), afferents projected in the region of highest expression of BMPs and Wnts, at the level of or more dorsal-medial to dorsal root ganglia (DRG) afferents (magenta). We predict that inner ear afferents are targeted by diffusible morphogens expressed in the hindbrain and spinal cord.