Table 2.
Serum biochemical analytes and plasma AA concentrations in calves fed with different AA supplementations.
| Concentration (Mean ± SE) |
Ctrl | GP | FY | MKT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum biochemical profile | ||||
| ALT (U/L) | 10.4 ± 0.7 | 11.1 ± 1.5 | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 10.2 ± 1.2 |
| AST (U/L) | 37.5 ± 3.2 | 39.6 ± 5.7 | 33.5 ± 4.9 | 42.2 ± 5.9 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 64.9 ± 8.2 | 65.2 ± 6.5 | 68.0 ± 12.7 | 72.7 ± 6.6 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.60 ± 0.04a | 0.68 ± 0.05a | 0.57 ± 0.03a | 0.71 ± 0.02b |
| GGT (U/L) | 18.5 ± 2.0 | 14.2 ± 1.1 | 16.6 ± 1.5 | 17.9 ± 0.6 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 86.3 ± 2.8 | 92.2 ± 4.3 | 96.9 ± 6.1 | 92.8 ± 5.4 |
| Haptoglobin (mg/mL) | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.04 |
| IGF-I (ng/mL) | 264.4 ± 35.9 | 282.2 ± 31.6 | 245.9 ± 28.9 | 318.5 ± 33.3 |
| Insulin (μg/L) | 0.75 ± 0.13 | 1.04 ± 0.20 | 0.85 ± 0.11 | 1.07 ± 0.22 |
| NEFAs (mM) | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.02 |
| TGs (mg/dL) | 19.91 ± 5.23 | 20.99 ± 4.59 | 16.20 ± 1.87 | 23.51 ± 5.37 |
| TP (g/dL) | 4.40 ± 0.11 | 4.42 ± 0.12 | 4.57 ± 0.15 | 4.75 ± 0.13 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 10.54 ± 0.65 | 13.40 ± 1.44 | 9.84 ± 0.96 | 11.63 ± 1.07 |
| Plasma AAs profile | ||||
| Alanine (μM) | 236.9 ± 16.6 | 228.9 ± 18.1 | 230.8 ± 30.8 | 259.6 ± 13.9 |
| Arginine (μM) | 223.7 ± 17.4a | 264.2 ± 23.1a | 236.7 ± 23.6a | 291.9 ± 18.7b |
| Asparagine/Serine (μM) | 177.9 ± 14.0 | 195.4 ± 18.9 | 189.2 ± 23.8 | 190.6 ± 10.3 |
| Cysteine (μM) | 39.0 ± 5.5 | 38.3 ± 5.9 | 38.9 ± 6.78 | 40.4 ± 5.9 |
| Glutamic acid (μM) | 77.8 ± 5.2 | 68.0 ± 6.8 | 65.2 ± 5.5 | 75.1 ± 6.5 |
| Glycine (μM) | 326.8 ± 26.1 | 372.1 ± 25.2 | 340.6 ± 19.9 | 368.3 ± 15.3 |
| Histidine/Glutamine (μM) | 487.1 ± 30.8 | 504.0 ± 34.8 | 485.7 ± 49.1 | 503.9 ± 24.6 |
| Isoleucine (μM) | 137.0 ± 11.0 | 130.7 ± 12.7 | 134.7 ± 15.8 | 129.56 ± 6.9 |
| Leucine (μM) | 195.20 ± 19.64 | 181.37 ± 21.66 | 188.57 ± 28.64 | 172.05 ± 8.31 |
| Lysine (μM) | 220.3 ± 29.6a | 231.4 ± 24.3a | 240.8 ± 43.4a | 304.3 ± 18.8b |
| Methionine (μM) | 36.4 ± 6.1a | 35.4 ± 6.6a | 36.1 ± 7.4a | 73.6 ± 5.1b |
| Phenylalanine (μM) | 56.4 ± 6.5a | 57.5 ± 6.5a | 79.0 ± 7.7b | 52.2 ± 3.7a |
| Proline(μM) | 137.4 ± 11.3 | 163.7 ± 15.0 | 141.3 ± 23.2 | 147.3 ± 10.9 |
| Threonine (μM) | 270.9 ± 10.9a | 276.6 ± 24.3a | 270.3 ± 25.9a | 386.7 ± 26.7b |
| Tryptophan (μM) | 49.7 ± 4.4 | 56.0 ± 6.3 | 52.2 ± 8.2 | 54.8 ± 3.6 |
| Tyrosine (μM) | 66.7 ± 10.3 | 69.6 ± 13.8 | 86.8 ± 8.6 | 67.2 ± 7.0 |
| Valine (μM) | 280.7 ± 18.7 | 273.4 ± 26.5 | 272.1 ± 35.3 | 267.5 ± 10.2 |
Key: Ctrl: Control milk replacer; GP: Milk replacer supplemented with glycine and proline; FY: Milk replacer supplemented with phenylalanine and tyrosine and MKT: Milk replacer supplemented with lysine, methionine and threonine (n = 8 per group). ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; GGT = gamma glutamyltransferase; IGF-I = insulin-like growth factor 1; NEFAs = non-esterified fatty acids; TGs = triglycerides; TP = total protein. Results were analysed by t-test for comparisons between Ctrl and treatment groups. Values in a row with different superscripts are significant different (P < 0.05).