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. 2018 Sep 14;8:13822. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31747-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Radioprotective effects of DMSO, glycerol, GG, AA, 2G, GA, and PA by micronuclei assay. (A) On the left is a normal binucleated cell. On the right is binucleated cell with micronuclei formation indicated by red arrows. (B) Micronuclei formation per binucleated CHO cell with pre-treated chemicals after gamma-ray irradiation. Horizontal dashed line indicates non-irradiated control (less than 0.1 micronuclei per binucleated cells for each condition). Horizontal dotted line indicates the control (0.91 micronuclei per binucleated cells). (C) Micronuclei formation after high-LET carbon-ion irradiation. Horizontal dashed line indicates non-irradiated control (less than 0.1 micronuclei per binucleated cells for each condition). Horizontal dotted line indicates the control (0.93 micronuclei per binucleated cells). Error bars indicate standard error of the means. At least three independent experiments were carried out.