Table 1.
Family 1 | Family 2 | Family 3 | Family 4 | Family 5 | Family 6 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | Case 6 | Case 7 | Case 8 | |
Sex | Female | Male | Male | Male | Female | Female | Female | Female |
Birth weight | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal |
Apgar (5′/10′) | 10/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | N.D. | N.D. | 8/10 | 10/10 | N.D. |
Age at presentation | 6 m | 9 m | 4 m | 4 m | 5 m | 6 m | 7 m | 5 m |
Age at death | 20 m | 4 y 8 m | 27 m | 22 m | 3 y 9 m | 10 m | 11 m | 3 y 2 m |
Cause of death | Resp. | Resp. | Resp. | Resp. | Resp. | Resp. | i.sz./Resp. | Resp. |
Presenting symptoms | DD, MH, RM | DD from 6 m, MH, RA | Suspected SZ, Sp | DD, Sp | DD, MH, RM | DD, MH, Sp, RA | DD, MH, RM, Sp | DD, RM |
Developmental regression | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Secondary microcephaly/lowest OFC SD/age | N.D. | −2.2/47 m | −1.14/24 m | −0.86/15 m | −3.34/28 m | −1.23/6 m | −0.8/7 m | −0.5/5 m |
Muscular hypotonia truncus | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Spasticity | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Hip luxation | Bilateral | Bilateral | Hip dysplasia | No | Bilateral | No | No | Yes |
Onset epilepsy | 15 m | 19 m | 6 m | 14 m | 6 m | 9 m | 9 m | 10 m |
Respiratory complications | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
CT of cerebrum (age) | Mild to moderate cerebral atrophy (8 m) | Moderate to severe cerebral atrophy (19 m) | Mild cerebral atrophy (4 m) Severe atrophy, most pronounced frontal (20 m) |
Mild to moderate cerebral atrophy (4 m) | Mild to moderate global cerebral atrophy (5 m) | Moderate to severe global cerebral atrophy (10 m) | No | No |
MR of cerebrum | No | No | No | 8 m (Fig. 2) | 20 m (Fig. 2) | no | 9 m (Fig. 2) | 6 m + 21 m (Fig. 2) |
CNS obduction | Yes (Suppl. S1) | No | No | No | No | Yes (Fig. 3) | Yes (Fig. 3) | No |
Muscle histology | Yes (Suppl. S1) | Yes (Suppl. S1) | No | No | No | Yes (see results) | Yes (see results) | No |
m months, y years, N.D. not determined, Resp. respiratory complications, i.sz. intractable seizures, DD developmental delay/stagnation, M muscular hypotonia, RM reduced motor activity, RA reduced attentiveness and contact, SZ seizures, Sp spacticity, Suppl see supplementary material