Table 2.
Comparison of accelerometer parameters between horseback riding and exercise using the simulator.
| HR |
ES |
Effect Size Cohen's d | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||
| A-rms (m/s2) | Rider's neck | X | 0.98 | 0.28 | 0.86 | 0.24 | 0.31 | |
| Y | ** | 1.24 | 0.74 | 0.88 | 0.32 | 0.56 | ||
| Z | ** | 1.45 | 0.43 | 0.66 | 0.24 | 1.69 | ||
| Rider's pelvis | X | * | 0.77 | 0.17 | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.49 | |
| Y | 1.34 | 0.56 | 1.42 | 0.52 | 0.12 | |||
| Z | ** | 1.42 | 0.22 | 0.63 | 0.17 | 3.57 | ||
| Horse saddle | X | ** | 1.09 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 1.30 | |
| Y | 1.31 | 0.18 | 1.29 | 0.09 | 0.13 | |||
| Z | ** | 0.95 | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 4.84 | ||
| AV-mav (deg/s) | Rider's neck | X | * | 18.55 | 6.15 | 22.66 | 5.27 | 0.56 |
| Y | ** | 12.30 | 1.62 | 10.11 | 3.07 | 0.66 | ||
| Z | * | 9.88 | 0.94 | 8.29 | 2.47 | 0.70 | ||
| Rider's pelvis | X | 17.81 | 5.71 | 14.94 | 3.41 | 0.46 | ||
| Y | 10.43 | 3.48 | 10.96 | 3.33 | 0.10 | |||
| Z | 16.45 | 4.09 | 14.16 | 4.38 | 0.35 | |||
| Horse saddle | X | 12.51 | 5.57 | 10.80 | 1.37 | 0.31 | ||
| Y | ** | 9.32 | 1.54 | 7.45 | 0.50 | 1.21 | ||
| Z | ** | 11.39 | 4.67 | 4.58 | 1.53 | 1.32 | ||
Values expressed as mean ± SD. HR and ES, n = 20. ∗ and ∗∗ Statistically significant difference between HR and ES (P < .05, P < .01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Abbreviations: HR, horseback riding; ES, exercise using the horse riding simulator; A-rms, acceleration converted into root mean square; AV-mav, angular velocity converted into mean absolute value; X, lateral axis; Y, longitudinal axis; Z, vertical axis.