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Targeting mechanisms of lncRNA. (a) Decoy, titrate away DNA-binding proteins, such as transcription factors; (b) Guide/Adapter, chromatin modification enzymes, to DNA, RNA–DNA interactions, RNA interaction with a DNA-binding protein; (c) Enhancer, chromosome looping in an enhancer-like model, where looping defines the cis nature and spread of the lncRNA effect. (d) Scaffolds, bring two or more proteins into a complex or spatial proximity. Modified, with permission, from [11].
