Table 2.

Frequency and association of patient demographics, clinical characteristics and underlying disease severity with HRG at the time of presentation of IE patients admitted at AKUH 2015–2017 (n = 36)

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS	HRG N = 14	NVG N = 22	p-value	Odds Ratio (Confidence interval)
Mean Age	45	38	–	–
Gender: Male	8	15	0.501	0.838 (0.490–1.432)
MoDC
•Definite	12	16	0.361	1.179 (0.844–1.645)
•Probable	2	6	0.361	0.524 (0.122–2.240)
Acute clinical presentation	5	12	0.270	0.655 (0.294–1.457)
Sub-acute presentation	9	10	0.270	1.414 (0.775–2.581)
Positive culture	10	20	0.126	0.786 (0.550–1.122)
Pure culture growth	14	18	0.091	1.222 (1.004–1.488)
Rheumatic heart disease	0	4	0.090
Prosthetic heart valve / cardiac implants	11	0	–	–
Congenital heart disease	6	5	0.201	1.886 (0.708–5.022)
Severity at presentation
Signs of thromboembolisma	2	7	0.236	0.449(0.108–1.860)
Sepsis	1	6	0.137	0.262 (0.951–1.714)
Multi organ dysfunction	4	7	0.837	0.898 (0.321–2.514)
Rash /splinter hemorrhage	0	4	0.091	–
•Previous history of infective endocarditis	1	0	0.204	–
•Murmur	2	8	0.149	0.393 (0.920–1.972)
•Raised infectious markers	1	2	0.837	0.786 (0.078–7.876)
Radiologic evidence on Echocardiography
•Vegetation	13	14	0.048	1.45 (1.03–2.066)
•Mitral valve prolapse	0	3	0.149	–
•Peri-annular abscess	2	3	0.956	1.048 (0.199–5.504)
•Valve perforation / dehiscence	1	1	0.740	1.571 (0.107–23.140)
•Portal hypertension	8	11	0.826	–
•Aortic regurgitation	6	10	0.878	0.943 (0.442–2.013)
•Mitral regurgitation	4	7	0.837	0.898 (0.321–2.514)
•Pulmonary regurgitation	2	0	0.068a	–

HRG High risk group, NVG Native valve group, MoDC Modified Dukes Criteria

^a= gangrene, unilateral weakness, slurring of speech, loss of consciousness