Table 1.
Sample characteristic of included studies
| First author | Year of publication | Location | Setting/context | Sample sizea | Ageb (year) | MCI Criteria | Baseline cognitive characteristicb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cipriani, 2006 [29] | 2006 | Italy | Dayhospital | 10(AD) + 10(MCI) | 70.6 | Not specified | MMSE: 28.0 |
| Rozzini, 2007 [40] | 2007 | Italy | Medical centers | 59 | 63–78 | Petersen criteria | MMSE: IG1:26.4 IG2:26.0 CG:26.8 |
| Talassi, 2007 [36] | 2007 | Italy | Community-dwelling | 37(MCI) + 29(AD) | IG:76.2 CG:76.1 | Not specified | MMSE: IG:27.5 CG:26.9 |
| Barnes, 2009 [22] | 2009 | US | Medical centers | 47 | IG:74.1 CG:74.8 | IWG criteria | BRANS: IG:85.2 CG:87.8 |
| Finn, 2011 [25] | 2011 | Australia | Medical center | 27 | IG:69.00 CG:76.38 | IWG criteria | MMSE: IG:28.5 CG:27.5 |
| Rosen, 2011 [23] | 2011 | US | Community-dwelling | 12 | IG:70.67 CG:78.00 | IWG criteria | MMSE: IG:29.33 CG:27.83 |
| Gagnon, 2012 [43] | 2012 | Canada | Medical centers | 24 | IG:68.42 CG:67.00 | Petersen criteria | MMSE: IG:27.83 CG:28.08 |
| Herrera, 2012 [42] | 2012 | France | Medical center | 22 | IG:75.09 CG:78.18 | Petersen criteria | MMSE: IG:27.36 CG:27.18 |
| Man, 2012 [13] | 2012 | Hong Kong | Community service setting | 44 | IG:80.30 CG:80.28 | Petersen criteria | MMSE: IG:21.05 CG:23.00 |
| Gonzalez-Palau, 2014 [33] | 2014 | Spain | Community centers | 39(HE) + 11(MCI) | 74.60 | Petersen criteria | MEC 35: 29.61 |
| Han, 2014 [30] | 2014 | Korea | Medical center | 10 | 72.1 | IWG criteria | MMSE: 26.7 |
| Hughes, 2014 [45] | 2014 | US | Community setting | 20 | IG:78.5 CG:76.2 | MYHAT Cognitive Classification | MMSE: IG:27.2 CG:27.1 |
| Fiatarone Singh, 2014 [26] | 2014 | Australia | Community-dwelling | 100 | 70.1 | Petersen criteria | ADAS-Cog: IG1:8.79 IG2:8.29 IG3:8.02 CG:8.09 |
| Manera, 2015 [32] | 2015 | France | Medical Center and research unit | 9(MCI) + 12(AD) | 75.8 | National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer Association group clinical criteria | MMSE: 27.2 |
| Styliadis, 2015 [34] | 2015 | Greece | Medical facility | 70 | IG1:71.21 IG2:70.42 IG3:72.71 CG1:71.07 CG2:67.64 | Petersen criteria | MMSE: IG1:25.85 IG2:26.21 IG3:25.14 CG1:26.21 CG2:25 |
| Barban, 2016 [39] | 2016 | Italy, Greece, Norway and Spain | Medical centers | 114(HE) + 106(MCI) + 81(AD) | IG:74.4 CG:72.9 | Petersen criteria | MMSE: IG:27.3 CG:28.1 |
| Gooding, 2016 [35] | 2016 | US | Medical center | 74 | 75.59 | Petersen criteria | mMMSE: IG1:51.25 IG2:50.29 CG:50.39 |
| Heyer, 2016 [28] | 2016 | US | Community-dwelling | 68 | IG:75.1 CG:75.2 | IWG criteria | MMSE: 26 |
| Klados, 2016 [37] | 2016 | Greece | Not specified | 50 | IG:69.60 CG:67.92 | Petersen criteria | MMSE: IG:26.04 CG:25.64 |
| Lin, 2016 [44] | 2016 | US | Community-dwelling | 24 | IG:72.9 CG:73.1 | Albert criteria | MoCA: IG:24.4 CG:25.6 |
| Vermeij, 2016 [31] | 2016 | Netherlands | Community setting | 25(HE) + 22(MCI) | 68.4 | Petersen criteria |
MMSE > 27.1 Not specified |
| Bahar-Fuchs, 2017 [27] | 2017 | Australia | Community-dwelling | 9(MCI) + 11(MrNPS) + 25(MCI+MrNPS) | 74.8 | National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer Association group clinical criteria | GDS: 2.9 |
| Delbroek, 2017 [47] | 2017 | Belgium | Residential care center | 20 | IG:86.9 CG:87.5 | Not specified | Moca: IG:17.5 CG:16.3 |
| Hagovská, 2017 [12] | 2017 | Slovakia | Outpatient psychiatric clinics | 60 | IG:67.8 CG:68.2 | Albert criteria | MMSE: IG:25.6 CG:24.9 |
| Mansbach, 2017 [38] | 2017 | US | Community-dwelling | 38 | 78.08c | Petersen criteria | BCATc: IG:38.65 CG:35.72 |
| Savulich, 2017 [41] | 2017 | UK | Research and medical center | 42 | IG:75.2 CG:76.9 | Albert criteria | MMSE: IG:26.6 CG:26.8 |
IG Intervention group, CG Control group
aHE Healthy elderly with no history of neurological or psychiatric deficits, MrNPS Mood-related neuropsychiatric symptoms
bData only included elderly with MCI
cDemographic data included both MCI and AD