Table 5.
Least square means of EQ-5D index score by the degree of multimorbidity and socioeconomic status
| 50 and older | 65 and older | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | |
| Number of chronic conditions | ||||||
| 0 (reference) | 0.94 (0.93–0.95) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | 0.92 (0.91–0.93) | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | 0.83 (0.79–0.86) |
| 1 | 0.90 (0.89–0.91)* | 0.92 (0.91–0.94)* | 0.88 (0.86–0.89)* | 0.86 (0.84–0.88) | 0.89 (0.87–0.92)* | 0.83 (0.80–0.85) |
| 2 | 0.87 (0.85–0.88)* | 0.90 (0.87–0.92)* | 0.85 (0.84–0.87)* | 0.83 (0.80–0.85)* | 0.86 (0.82–0.91)* | 0.81 (0.78–0.84) |
| 3 | 0.81 (0.78–0.84)* | 0.84 (0.79–0.90)* | 0.79 (0.76–0.82)* | 0.77 (0.73–0.82)* | 0.80 (0.70–0.91)* | 0.76 (0.72–0.80)* |
| 4+ | 0.71 (0.67–0.75)* | 0.78 (0.72–0.84)* | 0.68 (0.63–0.73)* | 0.69 (0.64–0.74)* | 0.76 (0.68–0.84)* | 0.67 (0.61–0.73)* |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married (reference) | 0.92 (0.91–0.92) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.90 (0.89–0.91) | 0.86 (0.85–0.88) | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) | 0.83 (0.81–0.85) |
| Unmarried | 0.81 (0.80–0.83)* | 0.87 (0.84–0.90)* | 0.80 (0.78–0.82)* | 0.78 (0.75–0.80)* | 0.85 (0.81–0.90) | 0.77 (0.74–0.79)* |
| Education | ||||||
| High (reference) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) | 0.92 (0.91–0.94) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) |
| Low | 0.88 (0.87–0.89)* | 0.92 (0.91–0.93)* | 0.86 (0.85–0.87)* | 0.82 (0.80–0.83)* | 0.87 (0.85–0.89)* | 0.79 (0.77–0.81)* |
| Household income | ||||||
| Quartile 4 (reference) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.90 (0.88–0.93) | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.93 (0.93–0.94)* | 0.96 (0.95–0.96)* | 0.91 (0.90–0.92)* | 0.88 (0.86–0.90) | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) |
| Quartile 2 | 0.90 (0.89–0.91)* | 0.93 (0.91–0.94)* | 0.87 (0.86–0.89)* | 0.86 (0.83–0.90)* | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | 0.82 (0.79–0.84)* |
| Quartile 1 | 0.81 (0.79–0.83)* | 0.84 (0.82–0.87)* | 0.79 (0.77–0.81)* | 0.79 (0.77–0.81)* | 0.84 (0.81–0.87)* | 0.76 (0.74–0.79)* |
| Basic livelihood security recipients | ||||||
| No (reference) | 0.90 (0.90–0.91) | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) | 0.85 (0.83–0.86) | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) | 0.81 (0.80–0.83) |
| Yes | 0.72 (0.68–0.76)* | 0.78 (0.73–0.83)* | 0.68 (0.62–0.75)* | 0.67 (0.61–0.74)* | 0.79 (0.71–0.87)* | 0.63 (0.56–0.72)* |
| Occupation | ||||||
| White-collar (reference) | 0.97 (0.96–0.97) | 0.97 (0.97–0.98) | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | 0.95 (0.92–0.97) | 0.95 (0.92–0.97) | 0.93 (0.88–0.99) |
| Blue-collar | 0.93 (0.92–0.94)* | 0.95 (0.95–0.96)* | 0.91 (0.89–0.92)* | 0.88 (0.86–0.89)* | 0.92 (0.90–0.93)* | 0.84 (0.82–0.86)* |
| Unemployed | 0.84 (0.83–0.86)* | 0.86 (0.84–0.89)* | 0.84 (0.82–0.85)* | 0.81 (0.79–0.83)* | 0.86 (0.83–0.89)* | 0.78 (0.76–0.80)* |
EQ-5D index score was presented as geometric mean (95% CI)
*p < 0.05 compared to reference group