Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up data of patients according to the absence or presence of a reduced exposure to CNI
| Total (n = 247) | Controls (n = 82) | Reduced exposure to CNI (n = 165) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
| Age (years) | 50.9 ± 14.1 | 51.1 ± 13.1 | 50.8 ± 14.6 | 0.91 |
| Male (n, %) | 173 (70.0%) | 62 (75.6%) | 111 (67.3%) | 0.18 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 4.8 | 26.2 ± 4.3 | 25.1 ± 4.9 | 0.026 |
| COMORBIDITIES | ||||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 235 (95.1%) | 77 (93.9%) | 158 (95.8%) | 0.54 |
| No smoker (n, %) | 122 (49.4%) | 44 (53.7%) | 78 (47.3%) | |
| Former smoker (n, %) | 93 (37.7%) | 28 (34.1%) | 65 (39.4%) | |
| Active smoker (n, %) | 32 (13.0%) | 10 (12.2%) | 22 (13.3%) | |
| Stroke (n, %) | 11 (4.5%) | 5 (6.1%) | 6 (3.6%) | 0.51 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 55 (22.3%) | 20 (24.4%) | 35 (21.2%) | 0.57 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 13 (23.6%) | 3 (15.0%) | 10 (28.6%) | |
| Type 2 diabetes (with insulin) | 40 (72.7%) | 17 (85.0%) | 23 (65.7%) | |
| Type 2 diabetes (no insulin) | 2 (3.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.7%) | |
| History of coronary disease (n, %) | 25 (10.1%) | 9 (11.0%) | 16 (9.7%) | 0.75 |
| Heart failure (n, %) | 41 (16.6%) | 17 (20.7%) | 24 (14.5%) | 0.22 |
| Peripheral artery disease (n, %) | 19 (7.7%) | 4 (4.9%) | 15 (9.1%) | 0.24 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n, %) | 8 (3.2%) | 5 (6.1%) | 3 (1.8%) | 0.12 |
| Pre-transplant cancer (n, %) | 10 (4.0%) | 4 (4.9%) | 6 (3.6%) | 0.73 |
| Causal nephropathy (n, %) | ||||
| Other | 25 (10.1%) | 4 (4.9%) | 21 (12.7%) | 0.27 |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 63 (25.5%) | 21 (25.6%) | 42 (25.5%) | |
| Toxic | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 37 (15.0%) | 10 (12.2%) | 27 (16.4%) | |
| Vascular nephropathy | 20 (8.1%) | 9 (11.0%) | 11 (6.7%) | |
| Unknown | 37 (15.0%) | 14 (17.1%) | 23 (13.9%) | |
| Polycystic disease | 45 (18.2%) | 13 (15.9%) | 32 (19.4%) | |
| Nephrectomy | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Malformative uropathy | 12 (4.9%) | 6 (7.3%) | 6 (3.6%) | |
| Vasculitis | 4 (1.6%) | 3 (3.7%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Dialysis prior to transplantation (n, %) | 209 (84.6%) | 73 (89.0%) | 136 (82.4%) | 0.18 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 38 (18.2%) | 15 (20.5%) | 23 (16.9%) | |
| Hemodialysis | 171 (81.8%) | 58 (79.5%) | 113 (83.1%) | |
| Pre-transplant dialysis time (years) | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 0.73 |
| TRANSPLANTATION DATA | ||||
| Viral status CMV donor/recipient (n, %) | 0.51 | |||
| D−/R- | 59 (23.9%) | 22 (26.8%) | 37 (22.4%) | |
| D−/R+ | 57 (23.1%) | 18 (22.0%) | 39 (23.6%) | |
| D+/R- | 64 (25.9%) | 17 (20.7%) | 47 (28.5%) | |
| D+/R+ | 67 (27.1%) | 25 (30.5%) | 42 (25.5%) | |
| Donor type (n, %) | 0.0008 | |||
| Expanded criteria donor | 63 (25.5%) | 17 (20.7%) | 46 (27.9%) | |
| Standard criteria donor | 116 (47.0%) | 52 (63.4%) | 64 (38.8%) | |
| Living donor | 68 (27.5%) | 13 (15.9%) | 55 (33.3%) | |
| Cold ischemia time (hours) | 13.1 ± 8.9 | 14.5 ± 8.0 | 12.4 ± 9.3 | 0.023 |
| HLA A-B-DR-DQ incompatibilities (n, %) | ||||
| 0–3 | 61 (24.7%) | 17 (20.7%) | 44 (26.7%) | 0.048 |
| 4–5 | 91 (36.8%) | 39 (47.6%) | 52 (31.5%) | |
| 6–8 | 95 (38.5%) | 26 (31.7%) | 69 (41.8%) | |
| Induction treatment (n, %) | 235 (95.1%) | 77 (93.9%) | 158 (95.8%) | 0.54 |
| Lymphocyte-depletive agent | 165 (70.2%) | 56 (72.7%) | 109 (69.0%) | |
| Anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies | 70 (29.8%) | 21 (27.3%) | 49 (31.0%) | |
| Mycofenolic acid cessation during follow-up | 28 (11.3%) | 9 (11.0%) | 19 (11.5%) | 0.90 |
| POST-TRANSPLANTATION EVENTS | ||||
| Delayed graft function (n, %) | 72 (29.1%) | 30 (36.6%) | 42 (25.5%) | 0.070 |
| Rejection (n, %) | 42 (17.0%) | 9 (11.0%) | 33 (20.0%) | 0.075 |
| T cell mediated rejection | 40 (16.2%) | 8 (9.8%) | 32 (19.4%) | |
| Antibody mediated rejection | 3 (1.2%) | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | |
| Time to first rejection (years) | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | |
| Post-transplant cancer (n, %) | 29 (11.7%) | 9 (11.0%) | 20 (12.1%) | 0.79 |
| Skin cancer | 11 (37.9%) | 2 (22.2%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| Hemopathy | 3 (10.3%) | 1 (11.1%) | 2 (10.0%) | |
| Solid cancer | 15 (51.7%) | 6 (66.7%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| Time to post-transplant cancer (years) | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 0.15 |
| Return in dialysis (n, %) | 18 (7.3%) | 3 (3.7%) | 15 (9.1%) | 0.12 |
| Death with a functioning graft (n, %) | 22 (8.9%) | 9 (11.0%) | 13 (7.9%) | 0.42 |
| Graft failure from any cause including death (n, %) | 40 (16.2%) | 12 (14.6%) | 28 (17.0%) | 0.64 |
| CNI Mean Absolute Deviation (%) | ||||
| Continuous | 19.9 ± 9.6 | 19.2 ± 10.3 | 20.3 ± 9.3 | 0.21 |
| < 5% | 6 (2.4%) | 2 (2.4%) | 4 (2.4%) | 1.00 |
| < 15% | 87 (35.2%) | 36 (43.9%) | 51 (30.9%) | 0.044 |
| > 30% | 32 (13.0%) | 12 (14.6%) | 20 (12.1%) | 0.58 |
| > 50% | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1.00 |
BMI Body Mass Index, DSA Donor Specific Antibody, D−/R- Donor negative/Recipient negative, D−/R+ Donor negative/Recipient positive, D+/R- Donor positive/Recipient negative, CNI Calcineurin inhibitors. Results with p value less than 5% were emphasized using bold letters