Fig. 3.

A balance of Mad and Myc controls cell fate determination during intestinal remodeling. a For T3-induced genes, TR normally functions as a heterodimer with RXR (9-cis retinoic acid receptor). During metamorphosis, T3 induces the expression of c-Myc directly at the transcription level through TR binding to the TRE in the c-Myc promoter. Then, c-Myc activates the expression of histone methyltransferase PRMT1 through binding to the intronic enhancer in the PRMT1 gene. PRMT1, in turn, participates in the intestinal stem cell formation/proliferation. b Both Mad1 and c-Myc can heterodimerize with Max. Thus, Mad1 competes against c-Myc to regulate target gene expression. When high levels of Mad1 are present in a cell, Mad1 causes mitotically active larval epithelial cells to exit the cell cycle to facilitate their degeneration through apoptosis. Whereas, high levels of c-Myc competes again Mad1 to activate PRMT1 expression. PRMT1, in turns, participates in the formation and/or proliferation adult intestinal stem cells. High levels of Mad1-expressing cells, undergoing apoptosis, are indicated by red dots. The c-Myc and PRMT1-expressing cells, which are proliferating adult stem cells, are indicated by yellow dots