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. 2018 Sep 10;9:1745. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01745

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Gene expression of the wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans in response to the treatment of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) JG280 only, or to ETEC JG280 after pretreatment with Lactobacillus zeae LB1 or L. casei CL11. The nematode was sampled on day 2 of the life-span assays. The baseline is the level of gene expression in C. elegans treated with E. coli OP50 only. Relative expression was determined using the 2−ΔΔCt method as the ratio of transcript level of each target gene to the housekeeping genes within each group and expressed as fold changes by comparing each treatment group to the control group (E. coli OP50). The first ΔCT is the comparison between target genes and housekeeping genes. The second ΔCT represents the comparison between treatment group and control group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Means marked with “a,” “b” were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) for the same gene among different treatments. While the treatment groups represented by the bars with their borders in red had no significant difference (P > 0.05) between each treatment and the control group (fed E. coli OP50 only) in the gene expression level of the same gene, the remaining treatment groups represented by the bars with their borders in black differed significantly from the control group (P ≤ 0.05).