Table 1.

Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics by T2DM status.

	Nondiabetic (n = 38)	T2DM (n = 11)	F or χ2	p	Effect size
Demographics∗
Age, years	73.6 (5.9)	72.3 (2.8)	0.49	0.486	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.010
Education, years	17.0 (1.7)	16.6 (2.4)	0.24	0.627	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.005
Sex, M:F	13:25	8:3	5.17	0.023	φc = 0.325
FSRP (%)∗∗	10.1 (7.9)	13.4 (7.8)	1.47	0.232	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.030
Pulse pressure, mmHg	50.5 (11.2)	56.2 (16.1)	1.86	0.179	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.038
Current smoker (%)	5.3	9.1	0.22	0.641	φc = 0.067
History of cardiovascular disease (%)	5.3	9.1	0.22	0.641	φc = 0.067
History of hypertension (%)	52.6	100.0	8.24	0.004	φc = 0.410
History of atrial fibrillation (%)	10.5	9.1	0.02	0.890	φc = 0.020
GDS	3.6 (3.9)	6.1 (3.7)	3.31	0.075	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.069
Cognitive measures∗∗∗
Mean (SD)
Global cognition (DRS total score)	140.5 (3.4)	138.3 (4.5)	0.94	0.338	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.021
Memory composite	0.18 (0.8)	-0.78 (0.9)	5.80	0.020	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.117
Executive function/processing speed composite	0.20 (0.7)	-0.83 (1.1)	11.72	0.001	${\text{η}}_p^2$ = 0.218

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation; FSRP, Framingham stroke risk profile (D’Agostino et al., 1994); GDS, geriatric depression scale; DRS, Mattis dementia rating scale (Mattis, 1988).

^∗Data are mean and standard deviation in parentheses unless otherwise noted.

^∗∗Modified FSRP omitting diabetes.

^∗∗∗DRS total score is a raw score (maximum possible score = 144); memory and executive function/processing speed composite scores are z scores. Results for the group comparisons on DRS and memory and executive function/processing speed composite scores are from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models adjusted for age, sex, and education.