Table 7. Costs of moving current product candidates through the pipeline from their current phase.

Archetype	Preclinical ($, millions)	Phase 1 ($, millions)	Phase 2 ($, millions)	Phase 3 ($, millions)	Total ($, millions)
Simple vaccine	301.50	88.92	561.08	4930.42	5881.92
Complex vaccine	83.00	22.62	132.35	912.93	1150.90
Unprecedented vaccine	431.60	156.62	768.77	616.45	1973.42
Simple NCE	106.60	52.33	186.92	901.48	1246.75
Complex NCE	250.00	175.60	131.37	220.39	777.37
Simple repurposed drug	-	-	185.60	469.93	655.53
Complex repurposed drug	135.00	86.35	134.22	187.24	542.81
Simple biologic	33.50	6.70	40.58	172.36	253.14
Complex biologic	66.40	6.59	46.13	217.96	337.09
	Concept & Research	Feasibility & Planning	Design & Development	Validation
Diagnostic, assay development	6.00	26.76	91.33	180.82	304.91
Diagnostic, simple platform development	9.00	25.89	3025.46	100.31	3160.66
Other products	6.00	8.82	13.63	35.81	64.27
Total	1412.00	657.61	5316.86	8948.82	16348.79