Pulse-triggered cortical evoked potentials (cEPs) in 6 healthy, awake rats during a 60-s epoch of 4.5-Hz subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). A–F: waxing and waning of different components (R1, R2, R3) of the cEP during the 60-s stimulation period. Each panel shows data from 1 of the 6 rats. A1–F1 plot the pulse-triggered average response, A2–F2 plot the pulse-triggered response, and A3–F3 plot the peak amplitudes of R1 (blue trace), R2 (black trace), and R3 (red trace) responses. Color bars in A2–F2 represent the magnitude of the pulse-triggered cEP response. Note the remarkable stability of all 3 cEP response components (R1, R2, and R3) across all 6 rats. ECoG, electrocorticographic recordings.