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Mechanism by which biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) protects proximal tubule cells from lipoapoptosis. Saturated fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid) reduce phosphorylation of BCL-2-associated death promoter (BAD) at Ser112 and Ser136 (pBAD) to initiate lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis by cleavage of caspase-3. BVRA prevents lipotoxicity-induced BAD activation and cellular toxicity. The loss of BVRA in proximal tubule cells increases BAD, cleavage of caspase-3, and apoptosis.
