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. 2018 Sep 10;12:300. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00300

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Copyright © 2018 Leung, Lu, Wong, Lin, Turner-Bridger and Holt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Visualization of β-actin mRNA trafficking in axons. (A) Fluorescent β-actin mRNA was electroporated into stage 24–27 Xenopus embryo eye primordia. The electroporated eye primordia were dissected and cultured for live imaging. (B,C) The synthetic β-actin mRNA was observed as fluorescent granules in cultured RGC axons and growth cones. (B) Live imaging of β-actin mRNA granules revealed different modes of motion and a broad range of speed (arrows and arrowhead). (C) Both anterograde (blue dots) and retrograde (yellow dots) movements were present. (D) OMX imaging of endogenous RNA labeled globally with Cy3-UTP (Cy3-RNA) and mitochondria. (E) Within the growth cone the β-actin mRNA granules tended to concentrate in the organelle-rich central domain, as indicated by MitoTracker Green. Scale bars, 5 μm for (B,D,E) and 2 μm for (C). See also Figure S1.