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. 2018 Sep 10;12:300. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00300

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Copyright © 2018 Leung, Lu, Wong, Lin, Turner-Bridger and Holt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dynamics of β-actin mRNA granules in axons. (A) An example of kymographs generated along axon shaft for kinetics analysis. (B) Population distribution of β-actin mRNA granule speeds for anterograde- and retrograde-moving granules in axon and growth cone. β-actin mRNA granule speeds showed biphasic distribution. One peak consisted of stationary and slow diffusive motion with speed < 0.5 μm/s. The more motile population showed a bell-shaped distribution. High speed (>2 μm/s) was observed for anterograde-moving granules along the axon shaft. (C) Proportion of anterograde-moving, retrograde-moving, and stationary β-actin mRNA granules in axons (n = 562 granules). (D) Anterograde-moving granules showed higher average speed than retrograde-moving granules. Nocodazole treatment greatly reduced kymographic tracks of fast-moving mRNA granules within 30 min, leaving mainly horizontal tracks from stationary mRNA granules. (F) Average instantaneous speed of all β-actin mRNA granules obtained from automated tracking is presented. The speed reduced to below 0.15 μm/sec upon 35-min nocodazole (Noco) treatment, but was unchanged upon 20-min cytochalasin D (CytoD) treatment. [F_{(2, 3643)} = 146, p < 0.0001]. Error bars represent SEM. ^*p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons test for F).