Table 2.
Effects of BPA treatment on embryonic development of zebrafish.
| Total egg no.a | Hatched embryo (%)b | Abnormal embryo (%)c | Survival rate (%)d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | Female | Control | 94.4 ± 13.2 | 64.0 ± 3.7 | 0 (0/429) | 9.1 (11/121) |
| BPA | 23.0 ± 5.0** | 15.3 ± 3.4** | 4.8 (38/798) | 0.9 (7/798) | ||
| Male | Control | 100.0 ± 6.4 | 73.9 ± 2.7 | 0 (0/481) | 13.9 (14/101) | |
| BPA | 71.8 ± 10.9* | 24.6 ± 4.4** | 3.2 (28/862) | 1.4 (12/862) | ||
| F2 | Female | Control | 94.4 ± 13.2 | 68.4 ± 6.5 | 0 (0/472) | 30.7 (35/114) |
| BPA | 57.3 ± 15.5* | 26.7 ± 8.1** | 6.3 (24/383) | 3.4 (13/383) | ||
| Male | Control | 87.5 ± 8.8 | 73.7 ± 5.0 | 0 (0/544) | 36.5 (38/104) | |
| BPA | 19.8 ± 4.8** | 27.7 ± 6.4** | 6.5 (27/415) | 4.0 (15/415) | ||
| F3 | Female | Control | 104.7 ± 21.1 | 67.3 ± 9.1 | 0 (0/224) | 16.8 (16/95) |
| BPA | 13.8 ± 7.3** | 16.1 ± 6.8** | 15.6 (40/257) | 4.7 (12/257) | ||
| Male | Control | 90.5 ± 18.2 | 78.5 ± 7.4 | 0 (0/121) | 25.8 (8/31) | |
| BPA | 44.9 ± 15.8** | 35.2 ± 8.0** | 9.0 (29/321) | 4.0 (13/321) |
Vertical lines indicate standard deviation. ** and * indicate statistically significant differences between the values for the BPA-treated group and the control group at the P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 levels, respectively.
The numbers of eggs obtained from the same number of control females or males (Control) and from BPA-treated females or males (BPA). The numbers from three trials were averaged.
Percentages of hatched embryos among the obtained eggs from three trials of pairings of control females or males (Control) and BPA-treated females or males (BPA).
Percentages of abnormal embryos from control females or males (Control) and BPA-treated females or males (BPA). The number of abnormal embryos per total number of embryos is indicated in parenthesis.
Percentages of surviving embryos from control females or males (Control) and BPA-treated females or males (BPA). The number of surviving embryos per total number of embryos in certain set of paring is indicated in parenthesis. The data of each group from females and males beyond the F1 generations were combined as no significant changes were observed among the data.