MG132 and epoxomicin modulate hIAPP expression and viability in pancreatic islet cells. Human islet cells were cultured in 20 mm glucose-containing media for 6 days in the absence or presence of MG132 and epoxomicin, following which intracellular hormone content was determined. A, left and top right panel, quantitative Western blot analysis of hIAPP, protein stress, and apoptotic marker expression levels following inhibition of proteasome activity with MG132 (5 μm) and epoxomicin (5 μm) for 8 h. Bottom right panel, effect of MG132 and epoxomicin on 20S proteasome activity in human islet cells. B and C, top panel, Western blot analysis reveals changes in hIAPP protein levels following inhibition of proteasome activity with sub-micromolar concentrations of MG132 (B) and epoxomicin (C) (0–1 μm) for 8 h. Bottom panel, effects of sub-micromolar concentrations (0–1 μm) of MG132 and epoxomicin on the 20S proteasome activity in human islet cells. Significance was established at **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001 (control versus treatments), n = 3, ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc comparison test.