Fig. 4.

High-intensity exercise training promoted left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in mice. A–C: echocardiography was performed pre- and postexercise training in mice to quantify interventricular septal thickness (IVSd) as well as LV inferior/posterior wall thickness at end diastole. Within the high-intensity training group (n = 6), IVSd was upregulated after exercise training compared with their own baseline values (A). Likewise, LV inferior and posterior wall diameters were upregulated after high-intensity training (B and C). However, neither the low-intensity training cohort (n = 6) nor the control cohort (n = 6) displayed significant alterations in LV thickness (A–C). Data presented are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, significant change compared with each group’s own baseline mean (Student’s t-test).