Table 4. Brachypodium as a Model Organism for Investigations of Plant-Microbe and Plant-Invertebrate Interactions.
| Microbe or Invertebrate | References |
|---|---|
| MICROBES | |
| Viruses | |
| Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) | Liou et al. (2014) |
| Satellite RNA (BaMV satRNA) | Liou et al. (2014) |
| Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) | Pacak et al. (2010); Yuan et al. (2011); Cui et al. (2012); Mandadi et al. (2014); Cheuk and Houde (2017); Wang et al. (2017) |
| Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-GAV) | Tao et al. (2016) |
| Brome mosaic virus (BMV) | Mandadi et al. (2014) |
| Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) | Mandadi et al. (2014) |
| Maize dwarf mosaic virus | Rosenkranz (1978) |
| Maize mild mottle virus (MMMV) | Mandadi et al. (2014) |
| Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) | Mandadi and Scholthof (2012) |
| Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) | Mandadi and Scholthof (2012); Mandadi et al. (2015) |
| Satellite RNA (satRNA) | Pyle et al. (2017); Pyle and Scholthof (2018) |
| Sorghum yellow banding virus (SYBV) | Mandadi et al. (2014) |
| Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) | Rosenkranz (1978) |
| Wheat steak mosaic virus (WSMV) | Mandadi et al. (2014) |
| Bacteria | |
| Agrobacterium tumefaciens, crown gall, transformationa | Vain et al. (2008); Steinwand et al. (2013); Bragg et al. (2015); Sogutmaz Ozdemir and Budak (2018) |
| Azospirillum brasilense, rhizobacteria, growth promoting | do Amaral et al. (2016) |
| Bacillus subtilis, endophyte | Gagné-Bourque et al. (2015) |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae, rhizobacteria, growth promoting | do Amaral et al. (2016) |
| Rhizobium rhizogenes, biocontrol, transformationa | Collier et al. (2016) |
| Xanthomonas translucens, black chaff (wheat/barley) | Fitzgerald et al. (2015) |
| Fungi: Ascomycetes | |
| Alternaria sp, leaf spotb | Roy et al. (2011) |
| Ascochyta sp, leaf spotb | Roy et al. (2011) |
| Bipolaris sorokiniana | Falter and Voigt (2014) |
| Blumeria graminis, powdery mildew | Draper et al. (2001) |
| Claviceps purpurea, ergot | Kind et al. (2017) |
| Cochliobolus heterostrophus, southern corn leaf blight | Falter and Voigt (2014) |
| Cochliobolus sativus, root rot/leaf spot | Zhong et al. (2015) |
| Colletotrichum cereale, anthracnose (turf) | Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
| Epichloë sylvatica, endophyteb | Meijer and Leuchtmann (1999); Brem and Leuchtmann (2001) |
| Fusarium culmorum, head blight | Peraldi et al. (2014) |
| Fusarium graminearum, head blight | Peraldi et al. (2014) |
| Fusarium pseudograminearum, crown rot | Powell et al. (2017) |
| Gaeumannomyces graminis | Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
| Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast | Routledge et al. (2004) |
| Magnaporthe poae | Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
| Microdochium nivale, snow mold (turf) | Rioux et al. (2017) |
| Neotyphodium sp, endophyte | Brem and Leuchtmann (2001) |
| Oculimacula spp, eye spot (barley) | Peraldi et al. (2014) |
| Ophiosphaerella agrostis, dead spot (turf) | Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
| Ophiosphaerella korrae, necrotic ringspot (turf) | Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
| Pithomyces chartarum | Falter and Voigt (2014) |
| Pyrenophora erythrospila, leaf spotb | Halbritter et al. (2012) |
| Pyrenophora teres, net blotch | Brown et al. (1993) |
| Ramularia collo-cygni, Ramularia leaf spot (barley) | Peraldi et al. (2014) |
| Sclerotinia homeocarpa, dollar spot (turf) | Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014); Rioux et al. (2017) |
| Stagonospora macropycnidia | Falter and Voigt (2014) |
| Stagonospora nodorum, glume blotchb | Halbritter et al. (2012) |
| Zymoseptoria tritici, Septoria tritici blotch | O’Driscoll et al. (2015) |
| Fungi: Basidiomycetes | |
| Puccinia brachypodii, leaf rusta | Barbieri et al. (2011) |
| Puccinia emaculata, switchgrass rust | Gill et al. (2015) |
| Puccinia graminis f. sp lolii | Figueroa et al. (2013) |
| Puccinia graminis f. sp phlei-pratensis | Figueroa et al. (2013) |
| Puccinia striiformis f. sp avenea, stripe rust (oat) | Ayliffe et al. (2013) |
| Puccinia striiformis f. sp bromi, stripe rust (brome grass) | Barbieri et al. (2011) |
| Puccinia striiformis f. sp hordei, stripe rust (barley) | Barbieri et al. (2011) |
| Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici, stripe rust (wheat) | Barbieri et al. (2011); Ayliffe et al. (2013) |
| Puccinia triticina | Ayliffe et al. (2013) |
| Rhizoctonia solani, brown patch (turf) | Schneebeli et al. (2015); Rioux et al. (2017) |
| Ustilago bromivora, loose smut | Rabe et al. (2016) |
| Fungal-like organisms: oomycetes | |
| Pythium aphanidermatum | Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
| Mycrorhizal fungi | |
| Glomus candidum | Hong et al. (2012) |
| Glomus versiforme | Hong et al. (2012) |
| Gigaspora decipiens | Hong et al. (2012) |
| Gigaspora gigantea | Hong et al. (2012) |
| Rhizophagus irregularis (Glomus intraradices) | Hong et al. (2012); Jakobsen et al. (2016) |
| Rhizosphere | |
| Ascomycetes | |
| Chaetomium globosum | Kawasaki et al. (2016) |
| Emericellopsis mirabilis | Kawasaki et al. (2016) |
| Chitridomycetes | |
| Rhizophlyctis rosea | Kawasaki et al. (2016) |
| Actinobacteria | |
| Arthrobacter sp | Staley et al. (2017) |
| Alphaproteobacteria | Kawasaki et al. (2016) |
| Betaproteobacteria | |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae, endophyte | do Amaral et al. (2016) |
| Achromobacter xylosoxidans | Staley et al. (2017) |
| Deltaproteobacteria | |
| Sorangium, cellulose degradation; fungicide and bactericide production; biocontrol agent | Kawasaki et al. (2016) |
| Gammaproteobacteria | |
| Stenotrophomonas | Tkacz et al. (2015) |
| Firmicutes | Kawasaki et al. (2016); Staley et al. (2017) |
| INVERTEBRATES | |
| Nematodes | |
| Heterodera avenae, cereal cyst nematodec | Kong et al. (2016) |
| Earthworms | |
| Apporectodea caliginosa, endogeic earthworm | Agapit et al. (2017) |
| Insects | |
| Diuraphis noxia, Russian wheat aphid | Azhaguvel et al. (2014); Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
| Laodelphax striatellus, small brown leafhopper | Zhou et al. (2016) |
| Schizaphis graminum, greenbug (aphid) | Azhaguvel et al. (2014); Tao et al. (2016) |
| Spodoptera frugiperda, Fall army worm | Brem and Leuchtmann (2001); Sandoya and de Oliveira Buanafina (2014) |
Within each grouping, microbes are listed in alphabetical order. Vernacular names and functions are indicated, as known.
a
For both B. distachyon and B. sylvaticum.
b
Host is B. sylvaticum.
c
On B. distachyon, H. avenae did not progress beyond the J2 stage.