Table 2.
The roles of MDSCs in individual organs
| Organ | Disease | Species | Surface phenotype | MDSC function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung | Asthma | Mouse (HDM) | CD11b+Gr1intF4/80+ | Suppression of Th2 cell reactivation | [16] |
| Human | CD11b+CD14+CD16−HLA-DR− (BAL) | NA | [19] | ||
| COPD | Human | Lineage−HLA-DR−CD33+CD11b+ (peripheral blood) | NA | [20] | |
| Collagen type 1+CD45dimCD34−CD1−CD15+ (lung, peripheral blood) | NA | [21] | |||
| Interstitial lung disease | Mouse (SKG) | CD11b+Gr1+ (lung) | Suppression of T cell proliferation | [22] | |
| Lung fibrosis | Mouse (silica) | CD11b+Ly6C+CCR2+ (lung) | Suppression of T cell proliferation, promotion of lung fibrosis by producing TGF-β1 | [23] | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | Human | CD11b+CD33+MHC-II− (peripheral blood) | NA | [24] | |
| Joint | Rheumatoid arthritis model | Mouse (PGIA) | CD11b+Ly6GhiLy6Cint/lo (synovial fluid) | Suppression of DC maturation and T cell proliferation | [27] |
| Mouse (CIA) | CD11b+Gr1+ (spleen) | Suppression of T cell proliferation and Th17 cell differentiation, amelioration of arthritis | [28–30] | ||
| Mouse (SKG) | CD11b+Gr1+ (spleen, BM) | Suppression of T cell proliferation, amelioration of arthritis | [31] | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Human | CD11b+CD33+HLA-DRlo/−CD14−CD15+ (synovial fluid) | NA | [33] | |
| Liver | Immune-mediated hepatitis | Mouse (TGFb1−/−) | CD11b+Ly6GloLy6Chi | Suppression of CD4+ T cell proliferation | [42, 43] |
| Mouse (Con A) | CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clo | ||||
| Fulminant hepatitis | Mouse (D-Gal/LPS) | CD11b+Ly6GloLy6Chi | Suppression of CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production | [44] | |
| CD11b+Ly6GhiLy6Cint | |||||
| Liver fibrosis | Mouse (carbon tetrachloride) | CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6ChiF4/80+ | Amelioration of fibrosis through inhibition of hepatic stellate cells | [45] | |
| CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6CloF4/80− | |||||
| Mouse (bile duct ligation) | CD11b+Ly6C+ | [46] | |||
| HCV hepatitis | Human | CD11b+ HLA-DRlo CD33+ CD14+ | Inhibition of T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production | [40, 41] | |
| CD11b+/lo HLA-DRlo/− CD33+ CD14+ | |||||
| Kidney | AKI | Mouse (ischemia-reperfusion) | CD11b+Ly-6G+Ly-6Clow (kidney) | Attenuation of AKI via suppression of T cell infiltration, downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines | [50] |
| FSGS | Mouse (doxorubicin) | CD11b+Gr1+ (peripheral blood, BM, spleen, kidney-draining lymph nodes, and kidney) | Attenuation of renal injury via inducing regulatory T cells | [51] | |
| Human | CD11b+HLA-DR−CD14−CD15+ (peripheral blood) | Suppression of T cell proliferation | [51] | ||
| Kidney fibrosis | Mouse (adenine-enriched diet) | CD11b+Ly6G+ (kidney) | Suppression of T cell proliferation and kidney fibrosis | [46] | |
| Intestine | IBD | Mouse (VILLIN-hemagglutinin) | CD11b+Gr1+ (spleen, intestine) | Suppression of CD8+ T cell proliferation via NO production | [54] |
| Mouse (TNBS) | CD11b+Ly-6G+Ly-6Clo (BM) | Attenuation of colitis via suppression of MPO activity and serum IL-6 levels | [55] | ||
| Mouse (DSS) | CD11b+Gr1+ (spleen, BM) | Attenuation of colitis via suppression macrophages in the lamina propria | [56] | ||
| Human | CD14+HLA-DR−/lo (peripheral blood) | Suppression of PBMC proliferation and IFN-γ production | [54] | ||
| CNS | Multiple sclerosis | Mouse (EAE) | CD11b+Ly-6Chi (peripheral blood, BM, spleen, and CNS) | Suppression of CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation via NO production, Enhancement of T cell apoptosis and attenuation of EAE | [61] |
| Mouse (EAE) | CD11b+Ly6G+ (peripheral lymphoid compartment, CNS) | Attenuation of EAE via inhibition of encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 immune responses. | [63] | ||
| Human | HLA-DR−/loCD14−CD33+CD15+ (peripheral blood) | Suppression of autologous CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation | [63] | ||
| Eye | Spinal cord injury (SCI) | Mouse | CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G− (spinal cord) | Promoting the repair process after SCI | [64] |
| Stroke | Mouse | CD11b+Ly6C+MHC-IIlo (spleen) | Suppression of T cell proliferation | [65] | |
| Human | CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR− (peripheral blood) | NA | [65] | ||
| Uveoretinitis | Mouse (EAU) | CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C+ (peripheral blood, spleen, retina) | Suppression of T cell proliferation, attenuating uveoretinitis | [67, 68] | |
| Human (posterior uveitis) | HLA-DR−CD11b+CD33+ | NA | [68] | ||
| CD14+ (peripheral blood) |
Abbreviations: AKI acute kidney injury, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, BM bone marrow, CIA collagen-induced arthritis, CNS central nervous system, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, D-Gal/LPS d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide, DSS dextran sulfate sodium, EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAU experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, HCV hepatitis C virus, HDM house dust mite, IBD inflammatory bowel diseases, ILD interstitial lung disease, MS multiple sclerosis, PGIA proteoglycan-induced arthritis, PH pulmonary hypertension, TGF-β transforming growth factor-β, TNBS 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid